Abstract:There is emerging evidence that well-designed physical environment can improve the elderly's health, wellbeing and care. As the study on building design and quality of the elderly's life has been a focus, the necessity and significance of developing assessment tools for the elderly's living environment is recognized. However the effectiveness and development limitations of the tools developed have been matters of continues debate often challenging the universality. This paper tries to conduct a comparative study on the existing assessment tools of the senior's living environment, building on a rigorous literature review. 9 tools from the UK and the US are selected for study including Evaluation of The elderly's Living Environments (EVOLE), the architecture profession method, Therapeutic Environment Screening Survey for Residential Care (TESS-RC), Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix (SCEAM), Multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure (MEAP), Therapeutic Environment Screening Survey for Nursing Homes (TESS-NH), Professional Environmental Assessment Procedure (PEAP), Scales for the Assessment of Environments for the Confused Elderly (SAECE), and the Nursing Unit Rating Scale (NURS). The tool's suitability for different building typology, aims and scopes of the tool, evaluation domains, assessment architectural elements, instrument's form and the methodology adopted therein, and development methodologies are analyzed and reviewed in this paper. It intends to offer reference for choosing a suitable tool to conduct an environment study or developing a new tool.

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	1. Evaluation Quality of the Elderly's Living Environment: A Comparative Study on Assessment Tools
	LIAN Fei,MU Jingyi
	Civil and Architectural Engineering 25 April 2017
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	Abstract:There is emerging evidence that well-designed physical environment can improve the elderly's health, wellbeing and care. As the study on building design and quality of the elderly's life has been a focus, the necessity and significance of developing assessment tools for the elderly's living environment is recognized. However the effectiveness and development limitations of the tools developed have been matters of continues debate often challenging the universality. This paper tries to conduct a comparative study on the existing assessment tools of the senior's living environment, building on a rigorous literature review. 9 tools from the UK and the US are selected for study including Evaluation of The elderly's Living Environments (EVOLE), the architecture profession method, Therapeutic Environment Screening Survey for Residential Care (TESS-RC), Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix (SCEAM), Multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure (MEAP), Therapeutic Environment Screening Survey for Nursing Homes (TESS-NH), Professional Environmental Assessment Procedure (PEAP), Scales for the Assessment of Environments for the Confused Elderly (SAECE), and the Nursing Unit Rating Scale (NURS). The tool's suitability for different building typology, aims and scopes of the tool, evaluation domains, assessment architectural elements, instrument's form and the methodology adopted therein, and development methodologies are analyzed and reviewed in this paper. It intends to offer reference for choosing a suitable tool to conduct an environment study or developing a new tool.
	TO cite this article:LIAN Fei,MU Jingyi. Evaluation Quality of the Elderly's Living Environment: A Comparative Study on Assessment Tools[OL].[25 April 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4727130


	2. The study on non-visual effects of design ratings in Chinese daylighting design standards
	Li Xiang,Chen Bin
	Civil and Architectural Engineering 01 March 2017
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	Abstract:The non-visual effects have significant impacts on long-term health, work efficiency and moods of human. There may be potential health risks if only considering visual effects in daylighting design. The aim of this paper is to reveal the non-visual effects of existed indoor spaces in China. The study was conducted by assessing different daylighting ratings in 2001 & 2013 daylighting design standards of China. A simple assessment method was established based on the assumption of constant ratio of vertical to horizontal illuminance, and the suppression percentages of melatonin varied with the vertical illuminance. The results demonstrated that the percentages of non-visual effects for daylighting ratings from I to V in 2013 standard were 100%, 100%, 71%, 38% and 5% respectively. In the case study of a side-lit office, considering energy-efficiency, the depth of daylighting zone that approached 100% of the percentage of non-visual effects was 2.1 for rating III while the maximum percentages for ratings IV and V could only reach 85% and 51% respectively.
	TO cite this article:Li Xiang,Chen Bin. The study on non-visual effects of design ratings in Chinese daylighting design standards[J].

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	3. A FE model for studying high frequency vibration characteristics of simply-supported box-girder
	SONG Lizhong,LI Xiaozhen,ZHANG Xun,LI Yadong
	Civil and Architectural Engineering 02 December 2015
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	Abstract:A track-bridge coupled vibration model was established based on finite element method to simulate a 32 m high-speed railway simply-supported prestressed concrete box-girder with a CRTS type II slab ballastless track system. Acceleration mobilities of track slab and box-girder's top slab in frequency band from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz was calculated using the finite element model. To validate the reliability of the model, an in-situ hammer excitation test was conducted. The test and calculated results were compared and agreed well, which indicate that the high frequency vibration characteristics of box-girder can be accurately simulated by the model.
	TO cite this article:SONG Lizhong,LI Xiaozhen,ZHANG Xun, et al. A FE model for studying high frequency vibration characteristics of simply-supported box-girder[OL].[ 2 December 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4668294


	4. A Simplified Method of Obtaining the Seismic Damage index of Single Steel-concrete Composite Building
	Liu Yangbing,Cao Tianfeng
	Civil and Architectural Engineering 24 October 2014
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	Abstract:Owing to the lack of the seismic damage data of the steel-concrete composite structure, it is difficult to use the avaible empirical methods to get the seismic damage index of the composite structures to predict the seismic damage. According to the definition of mean seismic damage index and the seismic fragility method of composite structures, a simplified method of calculating seismic damage index of single composite building was proposed. In this method the uncertainty due to variability in ground motion characteristics and structures was considered. Based on this method, seismic fragility analysis was carried out for two composite frames, then the vulnerability matrix was obtained, and finally the seismic damage index was calculated to evaluate and compare the damage sate. The simplified method may be a very useful tool to estimate the seismic safety and predict the seismic loss.
	TO cite this article:Liu Yangbing,Cao Tianfeng. A Simplified Method of Obtaining the Seismic Damage index of Single Steel-concrete Composite Building[OL].[24 October 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4615094


	5. Experimental study on asperity evolution of joint surfaces
	FAN Xiang,CAO Ping,JIN Jin
	Civil and Architectural Engineering 11 January 2012
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	Abstract:Laboratory cyclic shear tests were conducted to investigate the asperity evolution of joint surfaces. There were five samples and each sample had been sheared for three times under different normal stresses. Prior to and after each test, the roughness of each specimen was characterized by measuring the surface morphology using a 3D non-contact high-accuracy laser topography instrument (the Talysurf CLI 2000). Nine parameters, used to characterize the morphologic features of joint surfaces, were worked out after each scanning test. With analysing the experimental results, the variations of morphologic features under cyclic shear loading, were found out. In the shear tests under different normal stresses, maximum height, arithmetical mean height and root mean square height of the joint surface had downward tendencies; Skewness, kurtosis and root mean square gradient of the joint surface had no obvious changes and the shape of joint profiles were hardly influenced by shear tests. Developed interfacial area ratio of the joint surface had a down trend and the complexity degree went down. There was a growth in the texture aspect ratio of the joint surface. The anisotropic property of the surface varied little and the surfaces kept anisotropic.
	TO cite this article:FAN Xiang,CAO Ping,JIN Jin. Experimental study on asperity evolution of joint surfaces[OL].[11 January 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4461204


	6. Effects of Content Level and Particle Size of Nickel Powders on Piezoresistivity of Smart Cement-based Composites
	Han Baoguo,Ou Jinping
	Civil and Architectural Engineering 26 January 2010
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	Abstract:The piezoresistivity of cement-based composites have attracted a lot of research attention due to its potential application in structural health monitoring. In order to explore the effects of content level and particle size of nickel powders on the piezoresistivity of cement-based composites, the electrical resistivity of cement-based composites containing nickel powders with particle sizes in the range of 3-7μm, 2.6-3.3μm and 2.2-2.8μm was measured and its variation under uniaxial compression was studied. The differences in electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity of these composites were investigated by examining the morphology of composites using scanning electron microscope. The experimental results show that content level and particle size of nickel powders are two key factors that influence the piezoresistivity of cement-based composites, which are due to the different conductive characteristics of the composites. It is also found that the cement-based composite containing 24 vol.% of nickel powder with particle size in the range of 3-7μm possesses moderate electrical conductivity and the best piezoresistivity among cement-based composites with different content levels and particle sizes of nickel powders.
	TO cite this article:Han Baoguo,Ou Jinping. Effects of Content Level and Particle Size of Nickel Powders on Piezoresistivity of Smart Cement-based Composites[OL].[26 January 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/39506


	7. Smart Composite Based on Field Emission and Tunneling Effects and Its Piezoresistive Characteristic Model
	Han Baoguo,Ou Jinping
	Civil and Architectural Engineering 26 January 2010
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	Abstract:A smart composite is fabricated from cement-matrix and spiky spherical nickel powders. The electrical resistivity of such composite decreases 69.00% under uniaxial compression. The gage factor of this composite is higher than 895.45 within the elastic regime. This ultrahigh piezoresistivity is attributed to the unique needle-like surface morphology of nickel powers. Comparing to the normal smooth spherical nickel particles, the needle-like features of spiky spherical nickel particles can induce field emission and tunneling effects, which leads to highly sensitive responses to strain. A constitutive model relating the change in electrical resistivity to strain of the composite is built within the elastic regime. This model incorporates the field emission effect and the inter-particle separation change of nickel powders in composite. The model is used to predict the piezoresistive characteristic behavior of the composite. The predicted result is compared with the experimental data obtained on the composite, and good agreement is obtained.
	TO cite this article:Han Baoguo,Ou Jinping . Smart Composite Based on Field Emission and Tunneling Effects and Its Piezoresistive Characteristic Model[OL].[26 January 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/39485


	8. Simulation of Material’s Damage and Safety Parameters’Variation by Image Processing Method
	PANG Huandong,ZHU Jihua
	Civil and Architectural Engineering 27 March 2008
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	Abstract:Material＇s crack always starts from the most non-homogeneous position while it is under exterior force. By combining image＇s ightness and element＇s strength, an artificial material had been made up and its breakage process is simulated and the probable crack has been worked out through edge detection method. The further process of the image proves the rule of displacement, damage and fractal variation that the value of damage and fractal increases with the growth of the crack while the augment rates are different. And the displacement orientation is consistent with that of lightness gradient, which is meaningful and revelatory to discover the law of breakage.
	TO cite this article:PANG Huandong,ZHU Jihua. Simulation of Material’s Damage and Safety Parameters’Variation by Image Processing Method[OL].[27 March 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/19794


	9. SEISMIC RESPONCE OF A SHALLOW BASIN FROM EARTHQUAKE ON A BLIND ACTIVE FAULT BENEATH
	Tao Xiaxin,Sun Xiaodan,Liu Haimin,Li Ping
	Civil and Architectural Engineering 14 June 2007
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	Abstract:Many cities in the world are located in basins. Basin can amplify ground motion significantly by the soft sediment, buried rock topography and edge effect in it. Hundreds of papers have been published on this effect for decades. Seismic waves are adopted as inputs in the analysis. Near field ground motion is governed predominantly by earthquake source. A hybrid source model is introduced in this paper, which combines Asperity model and K square model to take into account the physical nature and ignorance on the slip distribution on the faulting plane. The ground motion in short period range is synthesized by a random method in which dynamic corner frequency is applied in each sub-source model. The ground motion in the basin is further calculated by means of 1D equivalent linearization procedure. Two steps are carried out for the long period motion. Firstly, the displacement field at the top of buried crystal base rock surface is calculated by analytical Green Function method. Then the ground motion at ground surface is calculated by 3D wave propagation finite element method with input from the first step. The two parts of ground motion are finally superposed. For illustration, the result of a shallow basin from an earthquake with magnitude 6 on the blind fault beneath is shown and the distribution pattern of the response motion is summarized.
	TO cite this article:Tao Xiaxin,Sun Xiaodan,Liu Haimin, et al. SEISMIC RESPONCE OF A SHALLOW BASIN FROM EARTHQUAKE ON A BLIND ACTIVE FAULT BENEATH[OL].[14 June 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/13470

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