Abstract:The high levels of antibiotic residues in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants (PWWTPs) make these plants the hotspots for the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigated the fate and removal of 11 subtypes ARGs for sulfonamide, tetracycline, β-lactam and macrolide resistance in each stage of two full-scale PWWTPs in northern China. The levels of typical ARG subtypes in the final effluents ranged from (2.56±0.13)×10^1 to (2.36±0.11)×10^7copies/ml. The absolute abundance of ARGs in effluents accounted for only 0.03%-78.1% of influents of the two PWWTPs, while the majority of the ARGs were transported to the dewatered sludge with concentrations from (2.65±0.43)×10^5 to (4.27±0.03)×10^10copies/g dry weight (dw). The total loads of ARGs discharged through dewatered sludge plus effluent was 1.01-14.09 folds higher than that in the raw influents, suggesting the proliferation of ARGs occurred in the wastewater treatment. The proliferation of ARGs mainly occurs in biological treatment process, such as aeration tank, anoxic tank, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and bio-contact oxidation, facilitates the proliferation of various ARGs, implying significant replication of certain subtypes of ARGs may be attributable to microbial growth. Chemical oxidation seems promising to remove ARGs, with removal efficiency ranged from 29.3% to 85.7%, while the partial correlation analysis showed significant correlations between antibiotic concentration and ARG removal. Thus the high antibiotic residues within the PWWTPs may have an influence on the proliferation, fate and removal of the associated ARG subtypes.

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	1. Fate and Removal of Various Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Typical Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Systems
	Zhai Wenchao,Mao Daqing,Luo Yi
	Environmental Science and Techology 25 December 2015
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	Abstract:The high levels of antibiotic residues in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants (PWWTPs) make these plants the hotspots for the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigated the fate and removal of 11 subtypes ARGs for sulfonamide, tetracycline, β-lactam and macrolide resistance in each stage of two full-scale PWWTPs in northern China. The levels of typical ARG subtypes in the final effluents ranged from (2.56±0.13)×10^1 to (2.36±0.11)×10^7copies/ml. The absolute abundance of ARGs in effluents accounted for only 0.03%-78.1% of influents of the two PWWTPs, while the majority of the ARGs were transported to the dewatered sludge with concentrations from (2.65±0.43)×10^5 to (4.27±0.03)×10^10copies/g dry weight (dw). The total loads of ARGs discharged through dewatered sludge plus effluent was 1.01-14.09 folds higher than that in the raw influents, suggesting the proliferation of ARGs occurred in the wastewater treatment. The proliferation of ARGs mainly occurs in biological treatment process, such as aeration tank, anoxic tank, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and bio-contact oxidation, facilitates the proliferation of various ARGs, implying significant replication of certain subtypes of ARGs may be attributable to microbial growth. Chemical oxidation seems promising to remove ARGs, with removal efficiency ranged from 29.3% to 85.7%, while the partial correlation analysis showed significant correlations between antibiotic concentration and ARG removal. Thus the high antibiotic residues within the PWWTPs may have an influence on the proliferation, fate and removal of the associated ARG subtypes.
	TO cite this article:Zhai Wenchao,Mao Daqing,Luo Yi. Fate and Removal of Various Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Typical Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Systems[OL].[25 December 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4673578


	2. Microbial enzym and biomass responses:deciphering vermifiltration treating excess sludge fed continuosly using Eisenia fetida despite seasonal variations
	XING Meiyan,Sun Wen,XU Zhe
	Environmental Science and Techology 26 August 2014
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	Abstract:This paper reports on a seasonal pattern comparison of microbial enzymatic activities and biomass responses based on a conventional biofilter (BF, without earthworm) and a vermi?lter (VF, with earthworm, Eisenia fetida) for sewage sludge treatment fed continuously. The VSS reduction, viable cell number and enzyme activities were assayed to probe what made the VF operated stably. The results indicated that the earthworms' activities can further the volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction with a 27.17% more than BF. Though the VF has a lower level in the viable cell number, the earthworms strongly improved the enzyme activities, such as INT- dehydrogenase, protease, β-glucosidase and amylase, which can explain the excellent performance of VSS reduction, compared with the BF. The correlation analysis documented that the VSS reduction was positively correlated with microbial enzyme activities. More importantly, the earthworm enabled the VF to avoid the detrimental influence of temperature, which guaranteed a stable performance during seasonal variations.
	TO cite this article:XING Meiyan,Sun Wen,XU Zhe. Microbial enzym and biomass responses:deciphering vermifiltration treating excess sludge fed continuosly using Eisenia fetida despite seasonal variations[OL].[26 August 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4607574

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	3. Aerobic biodegradation of trichloroethylene by a bacterial community that uses hydrogen peroxide as the sole oxygen source
	ZHANG Shiyang,WANG Xiaoli,ZHU Ruili,Li Hui,WANG Ping,YANG Jie,LIN Kuangfei,GU Jidong,LIU Yongdi
	Environmental Science and Techology 04 June 2014
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	Abstract:In this study, a bacterial community was enriched to aerobically degrade trichloroethylene (TCE) by using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the sole oxygen source. The enriched bacterial community could degrade 120 mg/L TCE within 12 d in the presence of 8 mM H2O2, which was found to be the optimum concentration, and the efficiency of TCE degradation reached up to 80.6%. The bacterial community adapted to 2-8 mM H2O2 by increasing the activities of key enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase. 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing showed that the dominant species in the community belonged to Bordetella, Stenotrophomonas, Sinorhizobium, Variovorax, and Sphingobium. Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that phenol hydroxylase (Lph) gene was involved in TCE degradation in the presence of H2O2. Phenol induced the bacterial Lph gene, which catalyzed epoxidation of TCE. Our study findings might contribute to the in situ bioremediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater.
	TO cite this article:ZHANG Shiyang,WANG Xiaoli,ZHU Ruili, et al. Aerobic biodegradation of trichloroethylene by a bacterial community that uses hydrogen peroxide as the sole oxygen source[OL].[ 4 June 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4599609


	4. The influence of nonstoichiometry on LaMnO3 perovskite for catalytic NO oxidation
	CHEN Jiahao,SHEN Meiqing,WANG Xinquan,WANG Jun
	Environmental Science and Techology 11 December 2012
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	Abstract:A series of structural modified LaxMnO3 (x = 0.9, 0.95, 1, 1.05, 1.11) perovskites used for NO oxidation was synthesized by a sol-gel method and characterized by XRD, BET, XPS, EPR and H2-TPR. La0.9MnO3 sample exhibits superior activity, and a 50% NO conversion at 250 C is obtained. XPS and EPR results reveal a higher Mn4+/Mn3+ ratio in Mn-rich samples, which induce more active oxygen bonding to Mn4+ due to the need for balancing the chemical states and stabilizing the structure. Easily regenerated oxygen associated with Mn4+ catalyzes the low-temperature NO oxidation. The constant activation energy (44.8 kJ/mol) obtained in the kinetics tests indicates the same mechanism of NO oxidation operated on all the samples.
	TO cite this article:CHEN Jiahao,SHEN Meiqing,WANG Xinquan, et al. The influence of nonstoichiometry on LaMnO3 perovskite for catalytic NO oxidation[OL].[11 December 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4500817


	5. Effects of PCE pollution on soil enzyme activities
	Tao Honglin,Shan Aiqin
	Environmental Science and Techology 09 April 2011
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	Abstract:Simulated experiments were conducted to study the eco-toxicology effects of PCE pollutant on three main soil enzyme activities: protease, urease and catalase. The results showed that, increasing the initial PCE concentration resulted in higher inhibition effect on both protease and urease activities. The process was inhibited firstly and then recovered. PCE had a significant inhibition effect on soil protease and urease activites when its concentration ≥0.15, and ≥3.0mg/kg, respectively. The inhibition effect on soil protease and urease activites was indistinctive when PCE concentration <0.05, and <0.3mg/kg, respectively. On the first day, the inhibitory rates for protease activity were 28.31%~63.64%, and reached the maximum levels. The inhibition term of PCE on protease was about 9~15 days. It had a high significant inhibition effect (49.7%~71.09%) to urease activity on the first day when PCE concentration was above 0.15mg/kg. The inhibition term of PCE on urease was about 5~9 days. PCE had no obvious inhibition effect but a slight activation effect to catalase activity when its concentration was 0.05~30.0mg/kg. Within the experimental concentration range, microbes in contaminated soil had great resistance to peroxidation. Soil protease and urease were the most sensitive to PCE. The different effects of PCE on different enzymes would affect the properties and functions of the PCE contaminated soil.
	TO cite this article:Tao Honglin,Shan Aiqin. Effects of PCE pollution on soil enzyme activities[OL].[ 9 April 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4421189


	6. Proteomics of a toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella DH01: Detection and identification of cell surface proteins by fluorescent labeling
	LI Cheng,WANG Dazhi,XIE Zhangxian,DONG Hongpo,HONG Huasheng
	Environmental Science and Techology 27 March 2011
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	Abstract:Alexandrium catenella DH01 is a toxic dinoflagellate species which is not only able to produce paralytic shellfish toxins(PSTs) but also cause harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the coast of China. In this study, we present a new protocol for specific labeling and detection of cell surface proteins (CSPs) of A. catenella DH01 cells using CyDye DIGE Fluor minimal dyes, and have identified CSPs using a combining approach of two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. The results showed that the fluorescent cyanine dye Cy3 could specific combine with CSPs of A. catenella DH01 cells with minimal labeling of intracellular proteins. Trizol method was the best to extract CSPs with respect to protein spot number and resolution among the three protein extraction methods. A total of 41 CSPs were separated and identified from A. catenella DH01 in 2-D gel, among of them, 14 proteins gave the positive identification of protein orthologues in the protein database by MALDI TOF-TOF MS analysis. This work represents the first attempt to investigate CSPs of A. catenella using CyDye DIGE fluors dyeing method, which provides a potential important tool for future comprehensive characterization of CSPs and elucidation of physiological functions of CSPs in dinoflagellatess.
	TO cite this article:LI Cheng,WANG Dazhi,XIE Zhangxian, et al. Proteomics of a toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella DH01: Detection and identification of cell surface proteins by fluorescent labeling[OL].[27 March 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4418677


	7. Effect of Cadmium-polluted Compost on Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities
	Guiqiu Chen,Yun Chen,Guangming Zeng,Anwei Chen,Wenjuan Zhang
	Environmental Science and Techology 26 September 2010
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	Abstract:The study was designed to assess changes of microbial biomass and enzyme activities between compost and cadmium-polluted compost applied to red soil. Results showed that soil microbial biomass C and P, activities of catalase, dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase decrease in all treatments during the incubation time. Cd-polluted compost has an inhibitory effect on microbial biomass P and acid phosphatase activity than compost in control at the same sampling time. Microbial biomass C is activated by 0.26-98.46% in soils of <27.8 mg/kg Cd treatment than that of control. Catalase activity is stimulated by 0.17-4.49% in treatments with <12.8 mg/kg Cd. Dehydrogenase activity in treatment of 8.8 mg/kg Cd increases by 1.6-16.1% than that of control. Urease activity increases by 0.56-65.90% with an increase of Cd in compost with <17.8 mg/kg Cd. But in treatments with >27.8 mg/kg Cd, the urease activity is inhibited by 0.81-2.65% at Day 20. These results suggest that <27.8 mg/kg Cd-contaminated compost have activation impacts on soil microbial biomass C, urease, catalase, and dehydrogenase activity.
	TO cite this article:Guiqiu Chen,Yun Chen,Guangming Zeng, et al. Effect of Cadmium-polluted Compost on Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities[OL].[26 September 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4386731


	8. Release Laws of Heavy Metals in Leaching Gangue Dump
	Jia Hong-xia,Xiao Xin
	Environmental Science and Techology 26 May 2009
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	Abstract:Coal gangue is one of the largest industrial waste residue in China, which not only takes up much of the farmland , but also releases a large number of harmful elements, such as the heavy metals, with the effect of weathering, decomposition and leaching, causing serious water, air and soil pollution. We took the gangue of Jining coal mine Ⅲ as the object, carrying out the leaching experiment with the simulated acid water of the study zone，That was directing significance for prevention and cure job of environmental pollution. The results showed that: (1) The contents of Cr and Cd in the gangue were in excess of the Third Class of Environmental Quality Standars for Soil. The largest concentrations of Cr, Pb and Cd in the filtrate water were in excess of the Third Class of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (2) For the largest release , the number of metal Cr was largest, followed by Zn, Pb, Cu, a relatively small amount of Cd and Mn, similar to the old gangue and the new gangue. For the largest release rate, the number of Cd was largest in the new gangue, secondly for Cr, next smaller for Pb, Zn and Cu and Mn almost zero; In the old gangue, Cr appeared first, followed by Pb, Zn and Cu, Cd was relatively smaller and practically nil of Mn.
	TO cite this article:Jia Hong-xia,Xiao Xin. Release Laws of Heavy Metals in Leaching Gangue Dump[OL].[26 May 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/32555

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