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	1. A new transgenic mouse model of spinal cord injury
	LI Cheng,LIU Yaobo
	Biology 04 April 2017
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	Abstract:Objective: To explore a new model for the study of spinal cord injury, and to prove the possibility of this model. Methods: The Thy1( thymus cell antigen 1, theta)-YFPH transgenic mice and DiI tracing were employed to observe the distribution of corticospinal tract (CST). And lateral spinal cord hemisection injury model was made using the Thy1-YFPH mice. Results: Pyramidal neurons in cerebral cortex layer Ⅴ was specifically labeled and projected to pyramidal decussation in the medulla. In the spinal cord, the YFP labeled projections were distributed at the same locations as dorsal CST (dCST), dorsolateral CST (dlCST) and ventral CST (vCST). YFP positive axons were mostly colocalized with DiI traced dCST both in the spinal cord of uninjured Thy1-YFPH mice. Conclusion: The Thy1-YFPH mice could label the CST in the mouse spinal cord, and could be used as an easy and convenient model to monitor the degeneration, regeneration and remodeling of CST axons after spinal cord injury.
	TO cite this article:LI Cheng,LIU Yaobo. A new transgenic mouse model of spinal cord injury[OL].[ 4 April 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4724205


	2. Acute effects of TGFβ1 on neuronal excitability and possible involvement in the pain of rats with chronic pancreatitis
	Zhang Xiaoyu,Zheng Hang,Jiang Xinghong,Xu Guang-Yin
	Biology 06 May 2015
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	Abstract:Background: Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) is upregulated in chronic inflammation, where it plays a key role in wound healing and promoting fibrosis. However, the role of TGFβ1 in nociceptive processing in primary sensory neurons remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether TGFβ1 plays a role in hyperalgesia in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: CP was induced in male adult rats by intraductal injection of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Pancreatic hyperalgesia was assessed by referred somatic behaviors to mechanical stimulation of rat abdomen. Dil dye injected into pancreas was used to label pancreas-specific dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Whole cell patch clamp recordings and calcium imaging were performed to examine the effect of TGFβ1 on acutely isolated pancreas-specific DRG neurons. Results: Intrathecal injection of TGFβ receptor I antagonist SB431542 attenuated abdominal hyperalgesia in CP rats. TGFβ1 application depolarized the membrane potential and caused firing activity of pancreas-specific DRG neurons. TGFβ1 application also reduced the rheobase, hyperpolarized action potential threshold and increased the number of action potentials evoked by current injection of pancreas-specific DRG neurons. TGFβ1 application increased the concentration of intracellular calcium of pancreas-specific DRG neurons, which was inhibited by TGFβ receptor I antagonist but not by TRPV1 receptor antagonist. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of TGFβ1 produced abdominal hyperalgesia in health rats. Conclusions: These results suggest that TGFβ1 enhances neuronal excitability and increases the concentration of intracellular calcium. TGFβ receptors are involved in abdominal hyperalgesia in CP. This and future study might identify a potentially novel target for the treatment of abdominal pain in CP.
	TO cite this article:Zhang Xiaoyu,Zheng Hang,Jiang Xinghong, et al. Acute effects of TGFβ1 on neuronal excitability and possible involvement in the pain of rats with chronic pancreatitis[OL].[ 6 May 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4641932

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	3. Histamine excites rat superior vestibular nuclear neurons via postsynaptic H1 and H2 receptors in vitro
	ZHUANG Qianxing,WU Yonghui,WU Guanyi,ZHU Jingning,WANG Jianjun
	Biology 05 March 2013
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	Abstract:The superior vestibular nucleus (SVN), which holds a key position in vestibulo-ocular reflexes and nystagmus, receives direct hypothalamic histaminergic innervations. By using rat brainstem slice preparations and extracellular unitary recordings, we investigated the effect of histamine on SVN neurons and the underlying receptor mechanisms. Bath application of histamine evoked an excitatory response of the SVN neurons, which was not blocked by the low-Ca2+/high-Mg2+ medium, indicating a direct postsynaptic effect of the amine. Selective histamine H1 receptor agonist 2-pyridylethylamine (2-PyEA) and H2 receptor agonist dimaprit, rather than VUF8430, a selective H4 receptor agonist, mimicked the excitation of histamine on SVN neurons. In addition, selective H1 receptor antagonist mepyramine and H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine, but not JNJ7777120, a selective H4 receptor antagonist, partially blocked the excitatory response of SVN neurons to histamine. Moreover, mepyramine together with ranitidine nearly totally blocked the histamine-induced excitation. Immunostainings further showed that histamine H1 and H2 instead of H4 receptors existed in the SVN. These results demonstrate that histamine excites the SVN neurons via post-synaptic histamine H1 and H2 receptors, and suggest that the central histaminergic innervation from the hypothalamus may actively bias the SVN neuronal activity and subsequently modulate the SVN-mediated vestibular functions and gaze control.
	TO cite this article:ZHUANG Qianxing,WU Yonghui,WU Guanyi, et al. Histamine excites rat superior vestibular nuclear neurons via postsynaptic H1 and H2 receptors in vitro[OL].[ 5 March 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4522573


	4. Cerebellar fastigial nuclear inputs and peripheral feeding signals converge on neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
	Bin Li,Guo Chunli,Tang Jing,Zhu Jingning,Jian-Jun Wang
	Biology 09 January 2009
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	Abstract:Previous studies have indicated that neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) receive feeding-related signals from the gastric vagal nerves, glycemia as well as leptin. On the other hand, it is intriguing that the cerebellum participates in regulating nonsomatic visceral activities including food intake via the direct cerebellohypothalamic projections. The present study was designed to examine, by using extracellular recordings in vivo in rats, whether the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) could reach and converge with the feeding-associated gastric vagal, glycemia, and leptin signals onto single DMN neurons. Of the 200 DMN neurons recorded, 104 (52%) responded to the cerebellar FN stimulation, in which 95 (91.3%) were also responsive to the gastric vagal stimulation, suggesting a convergence of cerebellar FN and gastric vagal inputs on the DMN neurons. Moreover, a summation of responses was observed (n = 10) when the cerebellar FN and gastric vagal nerve were simultaneously stimulated. Among the 18 DMN neurons receiving convergent inputs from the cerebellar FN and gastric vagal nerves, 16 (88.9%) cells also responded to the systemic administrations of glucose and leptin. These results demonstrated that the cerebellar FN afferent inputs, together with the feeding signals from the gastric vagal nerves, blood glucose as well as leptin, converge onto single DMN neurons, suggesting that a somatic-visceral integration related to the feeding may occur in the DMN and the cerebellum may actively participate in the feeding regulation through the cerebellar FN-DMN projections.
	TO cite this article:Bin Li,Guo Chunli,Tang Jing, et al. Cerebellar fastigial nuclear inputs and peripheral feeding signals converge on neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus[OL].[ 9 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27571


	5. Histamine excites rat lateral vestibular nuclear neurons through activation of post-synaptic H2 receptors
	Jun ZHANG,Han Xiaohu,Li Hongzhao,Zhu Jingning,Jian-Jun Wang
	Biology 09 January 2009
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	Abstract:Through whole-cell patch recordings in brainstem slices, the effects of histamine on neuronal activity of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) were investigated. Bath application of histamine elicited a concentration-dependent excitation of both spontaneous firing (n = 19) and silent (n = 7) LVN neurons. Moreover, histamine induced a stable inward current in the LVN neurons (n = 5) and the histamine-induced depolarization of membrane potential persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin (n = 4), indicating a direct postsynaptic effect of the histamine on the LVN neurons. Selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine effectively blocked the histamine-evoked excitatory responses on the LVN neurons (n = 4), but selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist triprolidine did not (n = 4). In addition, selective histamine H2 receptor agonist dimaprit (n = 3) rather than 2-pyridylethylamine (n = 4), a selective histamine H1 receptor agonist, mimicked the excitatory action of histamine on LVN neurons. The results demonstrate that histamine excites the LVN neurons via postsynaptic histamine H2 receptors and suggest that the central histaminergic projection arising from the hypothalamus may modulate LVN neurons activity and actively influence the vestibular reflexes and functions.
	TO cite this article:Jun ZHANG,Han Xiaohu,Li Hongzhao, et al. Histamine excites rat lateral vestibular nuclear neurons through activation of post-synaptic H2 receptors[OL].[ 9 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27566


	6. Cerebellar modulation on feeding-related neurons in rat dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
	Jing-Ning Zhu,Li Hongzhao,Ding Yi,Jian-Jun WANG
	Biology 08 January 2009
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	Abstract:Cerebellum has newly been implicated in much more nonsomatic functions other than motor control. Previous studies indicate that the cerebellum is involved in feeding regulation and the gastric vagal nerves transmit short-term meal-related visceral signals including cholecystokinin (CCK) into the hypothalamus. Recently, the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) is believed to play an important role in feeding control. Here we investigate whether the inputs from cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IN) can reach and converge onto single DMN neurons with some feeding-related visceral signals, including gastric vagal inputs, CCK and blood glucose whose concentration is closely linked to food intake. Among the 259 DMN neurons recorded, 120 (46.3%) and 169 (65.3%) responded to the cerebellar IN and gastric vagal stimulations, respectively. Within the 120 DMN neurons responsive to the cerebellar IN stimulation, 98 (81.7%) also responded to the gastric vagal stimulus and a summation of the responses was observed further (n = 20), suggesting a convergence and interaction of cerebellar and gastric vagal inputs on the cells. Moreover, of the 98 cells receiving convergent inputs from cerebellar IN and gastric vagal nerves, 69 (70.4%) were identified to be glycemia-sensitive, in which 22 (68.8%) of the 32 tested neurons were also sensitive to systemic CCK. These results demonstrate that the DMN integrates somatic information forwarded by the cerebellar IN and visceral signals related to food intake, including gastric vagal, CCK and glycemia, and electrophysiologically reveal a novel cerebellohypothalamic IN-DMN pathway through which the cerebellum may actively participate in the short-term feeding regulation.
	TO cite this article:Jing-Ning Zhu,Li Hongzhao,Ding Yi, et al. Cerebellar modulation on feeding-related neurons in rat dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus[OL].[ 8 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27465


	7. Effects of chronic morphine exposure on visual response variability and latency in cats
	Zaiyang Long,Zhen Liang,Lihua He
	Biology 17 December 2007
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	Abstract:Chronic morphine exposure results in a degradation of the functional properties of cortical neurons. However, little evidence has been shown about morphine’s effects on the variability of visual response. To investigate whether chronic morphine exposure influences variability, we compared neurons of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in morphine- and saline-treated cats. We found LGN neurons exhibited significantly increased variability after morphine administration. It is known that variability might act as one of the factors affecting response latency. Therefore, we correlated increased variability and prolonged latency, and this study showed the change of variability might contribute to delayed response accompanied by morphine. Increased variability together with prolonged latency should contribute to functional degradation in cortical areas after chronic morphine exposure.
	TO cite this article:Zaiyang Long,Zhen Liang,Lihua He. Effects of chronic morphine exposure on visual response variability and latency in cats[OL].[17 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/17066


	8. The effect of early auditory deprivation on the age-dependent expression pattern of NR2B mRNA in rat auditory cortex
	Caixia Bi,Yilei Cui,Yuting Mao,Jinghong Xu,Feng Xu,Jiping Zhang,Xinde Sun
	Biology 31 December 2005
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	Abstract:Using in situ hybridization (ISH), present research minutely investigated the age-dependent expression pattern of NR2B mRNA in rat auditory cortex (AC) during postnatal development and the effect of early auditory deprivation. For the rats in the normal group, the mRNA expression of NR2B was highest at birth (postnatal day 1), but declined rapidly until low level of adulthood, during which there was a rising period with a transient peak on postnatal day 21 (P21); for the rats in the deprived group, the whole declining-as-aging trend of NR2B mRNA expression was similar to that of normal group, but the expression level from P15 to P27 were much lower than that of normal group with the greatest reduction from P21 to P23 and the transient peak on P21 disappeared. In both groups, the distribution pattern of NR2B mRNA positive neurons in 6 layers and dorsal, medial and ventral sub-districts of auditory cortex was also examined. There is no significant effect on the expression pattern between normal and deprived group. Our results indicated that the early auditory deprivation decreased the age-dependent expression pattern of NR2B mRNA, suggesting that NR2B may play an important role in the developmental plasticity of auditory function in rats.
	TO cite this article:Caixia Bi,Yilei Cui,Yuting Mao, et al. The effect of early auditory deprivation on the age-dependent expression pattern of NR2B mRNA in rat auditory cortex[OL].[31 December 2005] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4824


	9. Early chronic blockade of NR2B subunits and transient activation of NMDA receptors modulates LTP in mouse auditory cortex
	Yuting Mao,Shaoyun Zang,Jiping Zhang,Xinde Sun
	Biology 31 December 2005
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	Abstract:In the auditory cortex, the properties of NMDA receptors depend primarily on the ratio of NR2A and NR2B subunits. NR2B subunit expression is high at the beginning of critical period and lower in adulthood. Because NMDA receptors are crucial intriggering long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression, developmental or experience-dependent modification of NMDAR subunit composition is likely to influence synaptic plasticity. To examine how NMDA subunit change duing postnatal development affect the adult synaptic plasticity, we employed chronic ifenprodil blockade of NR2B subunits and analyzed evoked field potentials in adult C57BL/6 mice auditory cortex (AC). We found that chronic loss of NR2B activity led to adecline in LTP magnitude in the AC of adult mice. Adding NMDA to the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) in blocked mice had the opposite effect, producing LTP magnitudes at or exceeding those found in treated or untreated animals. These results suggest that even in adulthood when NR2B expression is downregulated, these receptor subunits play an important role in experience-dependent plasticity of mouse auditory cortex. Blockade from P60 did not result in any decrease of LTP amplitude,suggesting that chronic block in postnatal period may permanently affect cortical circuits so that they cannot produce significant LTP in adulthood.
	TO cite this article:Yuting Mao,Shaoyun Zang,Jiping Zhang, et al. Early chronic blockade of NR2B subunits and transient activation of NMDA receptors modulates LTP in mouse auditory cortex[OL].[31 December 2005] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4820

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