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	1. Genome structure analysis and the phylogenetic distribution of conifers
	Zhihua Liu
	Biology 25 November 2015
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	Abstract:Conifers have diversified organizations of chloroplast genomes (cpDNAs), especially the ones with the two extremely reduced copies of the inverted repeat (IR). As the largest and the basal family of conifers, Pinus and Cryptomeria cpDNAs provide key insights into the evolutionary history of conifers. To reveal the various genomic organizations of conifers, main cpDNAs of conifers were utilized in comparative research. Pinus and Cryptomeria cpDNAs represented two types of IR structure, indicating that the cpDNA organization was very diverse in conifer plants. The availability of the conifer cpDNAs provided valuable information on the molecular phylogenetic study of conifers.
	TO cite this article:Zhihua Liu. Genome structure analysis and the phylogenetic distribution of conifers[OL].[25 November 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4665755


	2. Transcriptome analysis reveals genes involved in iridoid biosynthesis in Rehmannia glutinosa
	Sun Peng ,Lili Zhou,Xianen Li
	Biology 03 July 2012
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	Abstract:Rehmannia glutinosa is a medicinal plant rich in iridoids, presently little is known about the iridoid biosynthesis in this plant. To explore the transcriptome of R. glutinosa and investigate genes involved in iridoid biosynthesis, we used massively parallel pyrosequencing on the 454 GS FLX Titanium platform to generate a substantial EST dataset. Based on sequence similarity searches against the public sequence databases, the sequences were annotated firstly and then were subjected to GO and KEGG based analysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the 454 assembly contains a set of genes related to iridoid biosynthesis, including all genes involved in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and four iridoid pathway genes that had been previously identified only in terpenoid indole alkaline producing plants, suggesting that iridods and secoiridoids share the common enzyme steps in the early stage of biosynthesis. In order to gain insight into how the isopentenyl diphosphate flux was controlled towards iridoid pathway, four prenyltransferase genes were analyzed using qRT-PCR and the results showed that the expression of the only geranyl diphosphate synthase is relative low in tuberous root, which indicated there may exist other enzymes responsible for the synthesis of geranyl diphosphate.
	TO cite this article:Sun Peng ,Lili Zhou,Xianen Li. Transcriptome analysis reveals genes involved in iridoid biosynthesis in Rehmannia glutinosa[OL].[ 3 July 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4483757

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	3. Antioxidant Potential of Polyphenols and Tannins from Burs of Castanea mollissima Blume
	Shan Zhao,Jie Yuan Liu,Si Yu Chen,Ling Ling Shi,Yu Jun Liu,Chao Ma
	Biology 12 March 2012
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	Abstract:Spiny burs of Castanea mollissima Blume (Chinese chestnut) are usually discarded as industrial waste during post-harvesting processing. The objective of this study was to establish an extraction and isolation procedure for tannins from chestnut burs, and to assess their potential antioxidant activity. Aqueous ethanol solution was used as extraction solvent, and HPD 100 macroporous resin column was applied for isolation. The influence of solvent concentration in the extraction and elution process on extraction yield, tannins and polyphenols content, as well as antioxidant potential, including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability, reducing power ability and cellular antioxidant ability were assessed. In both the extraction and isolation process, 50% aqueous ethanol led to superior total tannins and polyphenols content as well as significantly higher antioxidant activity. In addition, the antioxidant activity and the total tannins content in extracts and fractions had a positive linear correlation, and the predominant components responsible for antioxidant activities were characterized as hydrolysable tannins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the enrichment of tannins from burs of C. mollissim using macroporous resin chromatography, and to assess the cellular antioxidant activity of them.
	TO cite this article:Shan Zhao,Jie Yuan Liu,Si Yu Chen, et al. Antioxidant Potential of Polyphenols and Tannins from Burs of Castanea mollissima Blume[OL].[12 March 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4471313


	4. Preliminary characterization of a novel Arabidopsis mutant with pliant shoots
	GAO Xiang
	Biology 23 February 2012
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	Abstract:In this paper, a novel Arabidopsis mutant of Columbia ecotype was preliminarily characterized by phenotypic observation and genetic analysis. Most distinct phenotypes in this mutant were the tender and pliant shoots in the early growth phase and somewhat dense siliques below the shoot apex at maturity phase. In addition, the growth of the main and side shoots was stunted and rosette and axillary leaves were easy to age. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype was not co-segregated with the T-DNA insertion or kanamycin resistance, and the mutation was dominant. The gene responsible for such mutant phenotype remains to be cloned in the future work.
	TO cite this article:GAO Xiang. Preliminary characterization of a novel Arabidopsis mutant with pliant shoots[OL].[23 February 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4462460


	5. In vivo localization of action sites of tenuazonic acid in photosynthetic apparatus by chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics OJIP
	CHEN Shiguo,ZHANG Min,Strasser Reto J?rg,QIANG Sheng
	Biology 02 February 2012
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	Abstract:Tenuazonic acid (TeA), a phytotoxin produced by the fungus Alternaria alternata isolated from diseased Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum), exhibits a strong inhibition in photosynthesis, especially photosystem II (PSII) activity. In vivo the chlorophyll fluorescence induction transient of host plant and in vitro fluorescence transient of six kinds of other higher plants show that TeA acts several sites in photosynthesis apparatus. First, as the classical PSII inhibitors, the most important action site of TeA is that it interrupts electron transport beyond QA on the acceptor side of PSII due to binding to the QB-niche. Moreover, TeA leads to severe inactivation of PSII reaction centers (RCs). On the other hand, TeA has no affect on the antenna pigments, the energy transfer from antenna pigment molecules to RCs, and the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) at the donor side of PSII. Nevertheless, it's different from the known classical PSII inhibitors that the dominant influence of TeA is not on the primary photochemical reaction but the biochemical reaction after QA. On the basis of the competition experiments with [14C]atrazine, it's further confirmed that TeA does not share with atrazine and DCMU the same binding environment despite their common action target: the QB-site. Additionally, TeA causes inactivation of the FNR system and therefore the reduction of NADP+ at PSI electron acceptor side. These actions distinguish TeA from the classical photosynthesis inhibitors. This provides perhaps a new idea and approach to help the search and development of bioherbicides in tetramic acid families or biomimetic synthesis of new herbicides from TeA precursor.
	TO cite this article:CHEN Shiguo,ZHANG Min,Strasser Reto J?rg, et al. In vivo localization of action sites of tenuazonic acid in photosynthetic apparatus by chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics OJIP[OL].[ 2 February 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4464180


	6. Altered expression of plant miRNAs and their target mRNAs in tomato flower and fruit upon virus infections
	Lin Ruohong ,Junli Feng,Yuwei Wang,Jianning Liu,Jishuang Chen
	Biology 28 December 2011
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	Abstract:The economic importance of tomato is well documented, and tomato has become a model for fleshy fruit development and ripening studies. Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNAs that are involved in a variety of activities, including plant development, signal transduction and protein degradation, as well as response to environment stress, and pathogen invasion. Here in this study, we aimed at quantifying the expression alterations of nine miRNAs and target mRNAs in tomato flower and fruit development upon CMV and TAV infections. Three different Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains CMV-Fny, CMV-Fny2b, CMV-Fny-satT1 and Tomato aspermy virus (TAV)-Bj were used in our investigation, and the miRNA/mRNA expression alterations were analyzed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The results shown the levels of several miRNA/mRNA pairs were increased upon virus infection. However, the increased levels of individual miRNAs differed for different virus strains, reflecting differences in severity of symptom phenotypes. The altered expression pattern of these miRNA/mRNA pairs and their predicted functions indicate the possible roles in flower and fruit development, and provide experimental data for understanding the miRNA-mediated phenotype alterations in tomato fruit.
	TO cite this article:Lin Ruohong ,Junli Feng,Yuwei Wang, et al. Altered expression of plant miRNAs and their target mRNAs in tomato flower and fruit upon virus infections[OL].[28 December 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4457683


	7. An Amperometric Enzyme Sensor Based on Poly-thionine Modified Platinum Electrode for the Detection of Indole-3-acetic Acid
	HUANG Lening,WANG Ruozhong,HUANG Zhigang,XIA Shitou,LI Hesong,XIAO Langtao
	Biology 04 March 2011
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	Abstract:An electrochemical amperometric enzyme sensor based on poly-thionine modified platinum electrode for the detection of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was proposed in this paper. The new sensor was developed mainly according to the oxidation reaction of IAA catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Since this oxidation reaction is substantially the electron transfer process, the current changes when electron transfer reaction occurs on the surface of electrode. Thus, it can provide a general electrochemical method for the direct detection of IAA. The poly-thionine film was produced electrochemically on a platinum electrode in 0.05 M acetate sodium acetate buffer solution (pH 4.5) containing 0.005 M thionine with applied potential of -0.4~1.2 V (versus Ag/AgCl) for about 50 min. After the process of thionine electrodeposit, a blue film of poly thionine was plated on the surface of electrode. HRP was immobilized by means of the glutaraldehyde cross-linking technique. Finally, this HRP-IAA sensor was used to detect IAA. Experimental parameters such as the pH of PBS, HRP incubation temperature and HRP incubation time were optimized. The results indicated that this enzyme sensor had satisfactory linearity with the content of IAA in the range of 1 ng/mL~30 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL.
	TO cite this article:HUANG Lening,WANG Ruozhong,HUANG Zhigang, et al. An Amperometric Enzyme Sensor Based on Poly-thionine Modified Platinum Electrode for the Detection of Indole-3-acetic Acid[OL].[ 4 March 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4412367


	8. Bridging the mathematics-botany gaps in phyllotaxis studies — Mechanism of higher symmetry order phyllotaxis
	Yang Weisheng,Zhao Ruguang
	Biology 31 May 2009
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	Abstract:For centuries, mathematicians, physicists, crystallographers, and others, together with botanists have been dedicating their own efforts to phyllotaxis, however, obviously because until recently they have had surprisingly little interaction, a major question is still how higher symmetry order patterns are generated at all. Accordingly, in the present article we make our effort mainly for bridging the mathematics-botany gaps existing in recent phyllotaxis studies. By doing so and on the basis of the latest progresses achieved from both the botany and mathematics sides of phyllotaxis, we point out that higher symmetry order phyllotaxis patterns can and could only come from lower order patterns generated by small shoot apical meristems (SAM) through anisotropic growth, which may change the diameter-to-height ratio of phyllotactic objects. In another words, higher symmetry order phyllotaxis patterns, such as floral phyllotaxis patterns of sunflower, could not generated directly by large SAMs.
	TO cite this article:Yang Weisheng,Zhao Ruguang. Bridging the mathematics-botany gaps in phyllotaxis studies — Mechanism of higher symmetry order phyllotaxis[OL].[31 May 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/32686


	9. Cucumber mosaic virus-mediated Regulation of Disease Development Caused by Tomato mosaic virus in Tomato Hosts
	Hong Guo,Shaoning Chen,Rong Zeng,Zhiyou Du,Zhenxiao Zhang,Weimin Zhu,Jishuang Chen
	Biology 02 March 2009
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	Abstract:Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) are two principal viruses infecting tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). N5 is a necrosis strain of ToMV. In this work, interference between these two virues was analyzed in tomato cv. Hezuo 903. Plants were first inoculated with CMV-Fny or CMV-Fny∆2b, respectively. 7 days postinoculation (dpi), a second challenge inoculation was performed with ToMV-N5. The results showed that plants can be protected against challenge with ToMV-N5 by initial CMV-Fny infection, but not by CMV-Fny2b. The accumulation of these three viruses in single and double infections was detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) assays. The real-time RT-PCR values indicated that ToMV-N5 accumulation was significantly suppressed by double infection with CMV-Fny in the second true leaves. The interaction between PVX and ToMV was further studied. The host reaction of PVX-BJ and ToMV-N5 double infections was almost the same as in ToMV-N5 singly infections. Based on above results, we speculate that the 2b protein may be an important determinant involved in CMV-mediated regulation of disease development caused by ToMV-N5 in tomato cv. Hezuo 903.
	TO cite this article:Hong Guo,Shaoning Chen,Rong Zeng, et al. Cucumber mosaic virus-mediated Regulation of Disease Development Caused by Tomato mosaic virus in Tomato Hosts[OL].[ 2 March 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/29796


	10. Cloning and analysis of a cytochrome P450 gene from rice
	Zhu Shifeng,Cao Xuesong,Zhong Yongwang ,Wei Chunhong,Li Yi
	Biology 25 November 2005
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	Abstract:Cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases (P450s) are a superfamily of heme-dependent enzymes which play important roles in almost all of organisms. Based on rice genome database, a gene encoding a rice cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase was cloned and sequenced (GenBank accession no. AY579214). The coding region of the gene was 1530 nucleotides in length and encoding a protein with 510 amino acid residues in length. Sequence analyses indicated that the cytochrome P450 corresponds to an ent-kaurene oxidase (KO) like protein, which is likely to be involved in phytoanticipins/phytoalexins biosynthesis. Southern blots analysis suggested that there are at least four similar genes encoding ent-kaurene oxidase or ent-kaurene oxidase like proteins in rice genome. Therefore, the gene reported in this paper was named OsKOS1. RT-PCR analysis showed that OsKOS1 was expressed in vegetative organs and reproductive organs, but at a higher level in vegetative organs. The expression level of OsKOS1 in RDV (rice dwarf virus)-infected plants was much lower than that in healthy plants, indicating that OsKOS1 is likely to be involved in defending RDV.
	TO cite this article:Zhu Shifeng,Cao Xuesong,Zhong Yongwang , et al. Cloning and analysis of a cytochrome P450 gene from rice[OL].[25 November 2005] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/3792

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