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	1. Cytotoxicity of silver nanoapticles to red blood cells: Size-dependent adsorption, uptake and hemolytic activity
	CHEN Liqiang,FANG Li
	Environmental Science and Techology 04 December 2014
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	Abstract:In this paper, we examined the size-dependent nanotoxicity of AgNPs using three different characteristic sizes of 15 nm (AgNPs15), 50 nm (AgNPs50), and 100 nm (AgNPs100) against fish RBCs. Optical microscopy and TEM observations showed that AgNPs exhibited size effect on their adsorption and uptake by RBCs. The middle sized AgNPs50, compared with small or big ones, showed the highest level of adsorption and uptake by the RBCs, suggesting an optimal size of ~50 nm for passive uptake by RBCs. The toxic effects determined based on the hemolysis, membrane injury, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes production were fairly size and dose dependent. In particular, the smallest sized AgNPs15 had a greater ability to induce hemolysis and membrane damage than AgNPs50 and AgNPs100. Such cytotoxicity induced by AgNPs should attribute to the direct interaction of nanoparticle with the RBCs, resulting in the production of oxidative stress, membrane injury and subsequently hemolysis. Overall, the results suggest that particle size is a critical factor influencing the interaction between AgNPs and the RBCs.
	TO cite this article:CHEN Liqiang,FANG Li. Cytotoxicity of silver nanoapticles to red blood cells: Size-dependent adsorption, uptake and hemolytic activity[OL].[ 4 December 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4621842


	2. Comparison between continuous and intermittent ozonation for remediation of soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
	Jiguo Wu,Jiang Yunxia,M. Prabhakar,Ye zhuoming,Yu Ruizhe,Zhou Hongwei
	Environmental Science and Techology 20 November 2014
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	Abstract:Continuous ozonation can inactivate indigenous microbes due to the disinfection capability of ozone, which may affect subsequent bioremediation of soils. This study investigated the efficiency of removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils using intermittent ozonation technique, where ozone was sparged through the soil column every alternate day, resulting in shorter ozonation time for each ozonation circulation than continuous ozonation. The results showed that 85% Phe, 94% Ant, 76% Flu, 87% Pyr, and 91% BaP were removed on 32 d in continuous ozonation treatment, while 90% Phe, 84% Ant, 78% Flu, 81% Pyr, and 96% BaP were removed on 32 d in intermittent ozonation treatment, indicating both intermittent and continuous ozonation can effectively remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils. Fluorescien diacetate hydrolysis results indicated that the total microbial activity of intermittent ozonation was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of continuous ozonation treatment at 8, 16, 24 and 32 d. The toxicity bioassay of soil extracts showed that the relative luminescence increased from 5 to 30% at 8 d, without significant (p > 0.05) increase at 32 d in continuous ozonation treatment, while it increased to 61% at 32 d in intermittent ozonation treatment, indicating intermittent ozonation was more effective than continuous ozonation for the detoxification of soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It suggested that the both treatments were equally effective at removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil, but intermittent ozonation was better than continuous ozonaiton for further detoxification and maintaining the total microbial activity of soil.
	TO cite this article:Jiguo Wu,Jiang Yunxia,M. Prabhakar, et al. Comparison between continuous and intermittent ozonation for remediation of soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].

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	3. Microbial enzym and biomass responses:deciphering vermifiltration treating excess sludge fed continuosly using Eisenia fetida despite seasonal variations
	XING Meiyan,Sun Wen,XU Zhe
	Environmental Science and Techology 26 August 2014
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	Abstract:This paper reports on a seasonal pattern comparison of microbial enzymatic activities and biomass responses based on a conventional biofilter (BF, without earthworm) and a vermi?lter (VF, with earthworm, Eisenia fetida) for sewage sludge treatment fed continuously. The VSS reduction, viable cell number and enzyme activities were assayed to probe what made the VF operated stably. The results indicated that the earthworms' activities can further the volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction with a 27.17% more than BF. Though the VF has a lower level in the viable cell number, the earthworms strongly improved the enzyme activities, such as INT- dehydrogenase, protease, β-glucosidase and amylase, which can explain the excellent performance of VSS reduction, compared with the BF. The correlation analysis documented that the VSS reduction was positively correlated with microbial enzyme activities. More importantly, the earthworm enabled the VF to avoid the detrimental influence of temperature, which guaranteed a stable performance during seasonal variations.
	TO cite this article:XING Meiyan,Sun Wen,XU Zhe. Microbial enzym and biomass responses:deciphering vermifiltration treating excess sludge fed continuosly using Eisenia fetida despite seasonal variations[OL].[26 August 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4607574


	4. The role of humic acid in stabilizing fullerene (C60) suspension
	ZHANG Luqing,ZHANG Yukun,LIN Xiuchun,YANG Kun,LIN Daohui
	Environmental Science and Techology 05 July 2014
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	Abstract:Natural organic matter (NOM) can have a profound effect on the colloidal stability of discharged C60 nanoparticles in the water environment, which will influence the environmental behaviors and risks of C60 and therefore merits more specific studies. This study investigates the effects of humic acid (HA, as a model NOM) on the aqueous stabilization of C60 powders and on the colloidal stability of a previously suspended C60 suspension (aqu/nC60) as affected by variations of pH and ionic strength. Our results reveal that HA could disperse C60 powders in water to some degree, but was unable to stably suspend them. The aqu/nC60 could remain stable at pH > 4 but was destabilized at lower pH ratings. However, the colloidal stability of aqu/nC60 in the presence of HA was insensitive to pH from 3 to 11, owing to the HA adsorption on the nC60 and its increased electrosteric repulsions among the nC60 aggregates. The colloidal stability of aqu/nC60 with and without HA decreased as we increased the valence and concentration of the added cations. The HA was found to mitigate the destabilization effect of Na+ on the colloidal stability of aqu/nC60 by increasing the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of Na+, while it lowered the CCCs of Ca2+ and La3+ probably owing to the bridging effect of nC60 with the HA aggregates formed through the intermolecular bridging of the HA macromolecules via cation complexation at high concentrations of cations with high valences.
	TO cite this article:ZHANG Luqing,ZHANG Yukun,LIN Xiuchun, et al. The role of humic acid in stabilizing fullerene (C60) suspension[J].


	5. Community Analysis of Halophilic Bacterial Consortium Capable of Degrading Phenol over a Wide Range of Salinity and the Degradation Pathway
	HUANG Zhongzi,WANG Ping,LI Hui,LIN Kuangfei,LU Zhiyan,GUO Xiaojue,LIU Yongdi
	Environmental Science and Techology 15 June 2014
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	Abstract:A moderately halophilic bacterial enrichment was able to degrade 120 mg/L of phenol in the presence of 1-2 M of NaCl within 3 d or 2.5-3 M of NaCl within 6 d. The optimal degradation was achieved at 1.5 M of NaCl and 350 mg/L of phenol. PCR-DGGE profile of the enrichment showed that the Acidobacterium sp. and Chloroflexus sp. dominated the community. The phenol-biodegradation pathways consisted of an initial oxidative attack by phenol hydroxylase, and subsequent ring fission by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy profiles showed that ectoine and hydroxyectoine were the main compatible solutes to adjust the bacterial osmotic pressure. This study provides further information on the understanding of phenol-degradation over a wide range of salinity and remediation of phenol as a pollutant in the environment.
	TO cite this article:HUANG Zhongzi,WANG Ping,LI Hui, et al. Community Analysis of Halophilic Bacterial Consortium Capable of Degrading Phenol over a Wide Range of Salinity and the Degradation Pathway[OL].[15 June 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4600166


	6. Aerobic biodegradation of trichloroethylene by a bacterial community that uses hydrogen peroxide as the sole oxygen source
	ZHANG Shiyang,WANG Xiaoli,ZHU Ruili,Li Hui,WANG Ping,YANG Jie,LIN Kuangfei,GU Jidong,LIU Yongdi
	Environmental Science and Techology 04 June 2014
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	Abstract:In this study, a bacterial community was enriched to aerobically degrade trichloroethylene (TCE) by using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the sole oxygen source. The enriched bacterial community could degrade 120 mg/L TCE within 12 d in the presence of 8 mM H2O2, which was found to be the optimum concentration, and the efficiency of TCE degradation reached up to 80.6%. The bacterial community adapted to 2-8 mM H2O2 by increasing the activities of key enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase. 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing showed that the dominant species in the community belonged to Bordetella, Stenotrophomonas, Sinorhizobium, Variovorax, and Sphingobium. Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that phenol hydroxylase (Lph) gene was involved in TCE degradation in the presence of H2O2. Phenol induced the bacterial Lph gene, which catalyzed epoxidation of TCE. Our study findings might contribute to the in situ bioremediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater.
	TO cite this article:ZHANG Shiyang,WANG Xiaoli,ZHU Ruili, et al. Aerobic biodegradation of trichloroethylene by a bacterial community that uses hydrogen peroxide as the sole oxygen source[OL].[ 4 June 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4599609


	7. Occurrence of phthalate esters in surface water and sediments from the Pearl River Delta, Southern China
	LI Ting,YIN Pinghe,ZHAO Ling
	Environmental Science and Techology 26 May 2014
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	Abstract:Rapid developments of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in recent decades have resulted in the increasingly serious environmental pollution in and around the region. The 6 priority phthalate esters (PAEs) were investigated in surface water and sediment from seven estuaries within the PRD for assessing the ecological risk to the aquatic environment. The concentration of Σ6PAEs in surface water ranged from 1.26 to 28.1 μg L-1, with a mean concentration of 16.5 μg L-1. It was from 1.56 to 31.2 μg g-1 dw in sediment, with a mean concentration of 9.72 μg g-1 dw. DMP, DBP and DEHP were found in all samples, and they were the predominant PAEs in the region. The distribution of PAEs showed that more serious pollution was found in Humen and the consumption of PAEs was increased in the most recent years in the PRD region. Risk quotient of detected PAEs to the relevant aquatic organisms of fish, daphnids and algae indicated the possible threat for the aquatic environment due to the presence of DBP and DEHP.
	TO cite this article:LI Ting,YIN Pinghe,ZHAO Ling. Occurrence of phthalate esters in surface water and sediments from the Pearl River Delta, Southern China[OL].[26 May 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4598552


	8. Biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole by Phanerochaete chrysosporium
	GUO Xiali,ZHU Zhengwei,LI Hongli
	Environmental Science and Techology 10 February 2014
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	Abstract:In this paper, degradation of sulfamethoxazole(SMX) by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was assessed. P. chrysosporium had a stronger tolerance for SMX in the concentration range of 10-30mg/L. The degradation percentage of SMX in liquid medium was 53% after 24h and reached 74% after 10 days when SMX was added at 10mg/L. Crude laccase produced by P. chrysosporium was used to degrade SMX in vitro. The results showed that the removal of SMX obviously increased with laccase activity and reaction time increasing.
	TO cite this article:GUO Xiali,ZHU Zhengwei,LI Hongli. Biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole by Phanerochaete chrysosporium[OL].[10 February 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4584992


	9. Using CA-Markov Models to Simulate the Land-use Changes in Pudong New Area, Shanghai City
	Xie Yi,Ma Weichun,Zhang Hao,Chen Weizhen,Chen Mingnan,Zhou Liguo
	Environmental Science and Techology 15 January 2014
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	Abstract:In recent years, much attention has been paid to land-use change simulations for the sake of better displaying the mechanism of land-use change and making out relevant policies. While CA-Markov model is a robust approach in spatial and temporal dynamic modeling of land use/cover changes because geographic information system (GIS) and remote-sensing data can be efficiently incorporated. In this paper, geographical environment factors as well as social-economic factors are combined with land-use current situation data over the past one decade to simulate the future land use patterns of Pudong New Area, Shanghai city. As a newly well-developed district in Shanghai, Pudong New Area is experiencing an increase in both population and built-up areas, which intensify the contradictions of all kinds of land use. CA-Markov model is introduced to simulate the land use changes of the city. After determined the parameter, transformation rules and correcting process of the model, it is applied to the simulation and prediction of Pudong New Area. The good simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of our model, which can reflect the characteristics of the Land use Policy in past years, and guarantee appropriate deployment of the urban land. Moreover, we further used the established CA-Markov model to simulate the land use situation in 2012 and 2018, and therefore provide a reference and solution to sustainable development in the study area.
	TO cite this article:Xie Yi,Ma Weichun,Zhang Hao, et al. Using CA-Markov Models to Simulate the Land-use Changes in Pudong New Area, Shanghai City[OL].[15 January 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4582182


	10. Inhibitory effect of formate on oxidation of Cr(III) under UV irradiation
	WANG Zhaohui,XIAO Dongxue,LIU Renlan,LIU Jianshe
	Environmental Science and Techology 17 December 2013
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	Abstract:The oxidation processes of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) are not well understood, although the reduction of Cr(VI) has been extensively investigated. Here the effects of the small organic acid, formic acid, on the iron-catalyzed photo-oxidation of Cr(III) were examined. The concentrations of Cr(VI), Fe(II) and H2O2 were monitored to elucidate the reaction mechanisms. In the absence of formate, Cr(III) can be readily oxidized to Cr(VI) by photogenerated oOH from photolysis of ferric hydroxyl complex. The presence of formate diminished the production of Cr(VI) due to its strong radical scavenging capacity for oOH and potential re-reduction of Cr(VI) by its secondary reducing CO2o- radical. However, the yield of CO2o- may be very low because of the much lower quantum yield of oOH in UV/Fe(III) systems. The present study has important implication for understanding the redox chemistry of chromium species in carbon-rich aquatic environment.
	TO cite this article:WANG Zhaohui,XIAO Dongxue,LIU Renlan, et al. Inhibitory effect of formate on oxidation of Cr(III) under UV irradiation[OL].[17 December 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4575806

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