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	1. The Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis and The Expression of Key Genes in The Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway in Ganoderma lucidum
	CAO Pengfei,SHI Liang,REN Ang,ZHAO Mingwen
	Biology 01 November 2016
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	Abstract:We herein demonstrate that salicylic acid (SA) can enhance ganoderic acid (GA) accumulation in Ganoderma lucidum. Following treatment with different concentrations of SA, the GA content was increased 22.72 - 43.04% compared with the control group. When the fungi were treated with 200 μM SA at different times, the GA content was improved 10.21- 35.24% compared with the control group. By choosing the optimum point based on the response surface methodology, the GA content could be increased up to 229.03 μg/100 mg, which was improved 66.38% compared with the control group. When the fungi were treated with 200 μM SA, the transcription levels of key genes in the GA biosynthesis pathway, squalene synthase (sqs), lanosterol (osc) and hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase (hmgr), were improved 119.6-, 3.2- and 4.2-fold, respectively. In addition, following treatment with 100 μM SA, the levels of lanosterol and squalene, which are intermediate metabolites of GA biosynthesis, were improved 2.8- and 1.4-fold, respectively. These results indicate that SA can regulate the expression of genes related to GA biosynthesis and increases the metabolic levels of lanosterol and squalene, thereby resulting in the accumulation of GA.
	TO cite this article:CAO Pengfei,SHI Liang,REN Ang, et al. The Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis and The Expression of Key Genes in The Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway in Ganoderma lucidum[J].


	2. The pH-responsive transcription factor PacC regulates mycelial growth, fruiting body development and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum
	WU Fengli,SHI Liang,ZHAO Mingwen
	Biology 12 October 2016
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	Abstract:Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal macrofungus that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Nonetheless, the scarcity of basic biological studies of this organism has hindered the further development of its commercial value. The pH-responsive transcription factor PacC/Rim101 governs the adaptation to environmental pH, the development and the secondary metabolism of many fungi. In this study, a homologue of PacC/Rim101 that encodes GlPacC was identified in the higher basidiomycete G. lucidum. GlPacC is composed of 807 amino acids and contains three typical C2H2 zinc-finger domains, two potential PEST domains, a putative PKA phosphorylation site and a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS). GlPacC was transcribed at a high level when the fungus was under neutral and alkaline conditions, and silencing of GlPacC impaired the fungal response to ambient pH. The distance between the hyphal branches (of vegetative hyphae and aerial hyphae) was significantly increased in the GlPacC-silenced strains. The GlPacC-silenced strains grew abnormally or became sickly on solid culture medium and were unable to form primordia and fruiting bodies. The ganoderic acid content, levels of the sqs and ls transcripts, and contents of the metabolic intermediates squalene and lanosterol were all up-regulated in the GlPacC-silenced strains. Our results indicate that GlPacC is functional and plays complex roles in mycelial growth, fruiting body development and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in G. lucidum.
	TO cite this article:WU Fengli,SHI Liang,ZHAO Mingwen. The pH-responsive transcription factor PacC regulates mycelial growth, fruiting body development and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum[J].

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	3. There are still proteins in rat urine after 7-day starvation
	Yuan Yuan,Zhang Fanshuang,Ni Yanying,Gao Youhe
	Biology 09 October 2016
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	Abstract:Protein has been found in urine in all relevant studies. Why are there proteins in urine? If the protein in urine acts as a nutrient, should all proteins be reabsorbed into the blood during starvation to maintain the homeostasis of the internal environment? Are they toxic? Is there any protein in urine when the animal is starved? If the protein in urine is toxic or is discarded for the regulation of body's own cellular functions, it still must be released into the urine even when the animal is starved. Does the kidney need protein to maintain urine flow? If the protein is necessary to maintain urine flow, at least some of it should remain in the urine even after starvation. In this study, five Sprague Dawley rats were starved continuously for 7 days. The quantity, composition, and posttranslational modification of the urine proteome was studied before and after starvation. After 7-day starvation, urinary protein concentration had no significant changes, even though the serum protein concentration decreased for about 10%. Only five and thirteen urinary proteins were significantly changed in the 4- and 7-day starvation groups, respectively, compared with before starvation group. These findings indicate there were still proteins even after starvation which supports that urinary proteins may be necessary for kidney to maintain the urine flow or be toxic and discarded for the regulation of cellular functions. Not all potentially nutritious to the body will be reabsorbed and utilized. It seems that removing proteins in urine is even more important than maintain the homeostasis of the internal environment for the survival of the animals.
	TO cite this article:Yuan Yuan,Zhang Fanshuang,Ni Yanying, et al. There are still proteins in rat urine after 7-day starvation[OL].[ 9 October 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4706469


	4. Fucans isolated from Isostichopus badionotus induces apoptotic-like cell death in human gastric cancer cell HGC-27 under hypoxia
	GE Yuan,LI Hui,WANG Jingfeng
	Biology 15 June 2016
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	Abstract:In this paper, the anti-cancer function of fucans isolated from marine cucumber Isostichopus badionotus was investigated and analysed. We proved the anti-cancer activity of fucan-Ib in human gastric cancer cells HGC-27 under hypoxia through the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, we also revealed the underlying molecular mechanism, a caspase-3 dependent pathway, of fucan-Ib induced apoptosis in cancer cells under hypoxia. These results provide basic knowledges and evidence on the medicinal values of fucan-Ib.
	TO cite this article:GE Yuan,LI Hui,WANG Jingfeng. Fucans isolated from Isostichopus badionotus induces apoptotic-like cell death in human gastric cancer cell HGC-27 under hypoxia[OL].[15 June 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4695036


	5. Identification of hybrids in Potamogeton：incongruence between plastid and ITS regions solved by a novel barcoding marker PHYB
	Tao Yang,Tian-lei Zhang,Ming-fang Du,Feng-qin Tian,Xing Liu,Youhao Guo
	Biology 14 June 2016
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	Abstract:Potamogeton is one of the most difficult groups to clarify in aquatic plants, which have an extensive range of interspecific morphological and ecological diversity. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA is prevalent for phylogenetic analysis in plants. However, most researches have demonstrated that ITS regions show a high percentage of homoplasy in phylogenetic data sets. In this study, eighteen materials were collected in the genus Potamogeton from China and an incongruence was shown between the rbcL and ITS phylogenies. To solve this discrepancy, we sequenced a novel barcode PHYB gene to improve resolution and accuracy of the phylogenetic relationships. The PHYB phylogenetic analysis successfully resolved the incongruence between the rbcL and ITS phylogenies. In addition, six hybrids were confirmed using the PHYB marker, including P. compressus × P. pusillus, P. octandrus × P. oxyphyllus, P. gramineus × P. lucens, P. distinctus × P. natans, P. distinctus × P. wrightii, and S. pectinata × S. amblyophylla. Whereas, only one hybrid was identified (P. compressus × P. pusillus) for the ITS phylogeny, indicating that ITS homoplasy is present in Potamogeton and ITS regions completely homogenized towards to one parental type. Thus, ITS regions maybe have limited utility in phylogenetic relationships for Potamogeton. It is recommended that a three-locus combination of chloroplast DNA, ITS and PHYB is potential to effectively reveal more robust phylogenetic relationships and species identification.
	TO cite this article:Tao Yang,Tian-lei Zhang,Ming-fang Du, et al. Identification of hybrids in Potamogeton：incongruence between plastid and ITS regions solved by a novel barcoding marker PHYB[OL].[14 June 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4697545


	6. C-terminus of MUC16 interacts with β-catenin to activate Wnt signaling pathway, tumorigenesis and metastasis
	Liu Qi,Yang Yun,Ma Huanhuan,Li Xiaotong,Li Qinxi
	Biology 26 May 2016
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	Abstract:MUC16/CA125 has been identified as a prominent cancer biomarker, especially for epithelial ovarian cancers, in clinical test for over three decades. Due to its huge mass, limited knowledge of MUC16 was acquired previously. By utilizing a well characterized self-made MUC16 monoclonal antibody, we identified the endogenous interaction between a C-terminal fragment of MUC16 (MUC16C) and β-catenin for the first time, and further elucidated that trans-activation domain of β-catenin is required for this interaction. Such interaction could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by facilitating cytosol-nucleus transportation of β-catenin, consequently induce cell proliferation and migration, eventually lead to tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice. Consistently, knockdown of MUC16 significantly weakened the capabilities of cells for proliferation and migration. Based on our discovery, we suggest that MUC16 appears as an attractive target for the development of effective anticancer drugs.
	TO cite this article:Liu Qi,Yang Yun,Ma Huanhuan, et al. C-terminus of MUC16 interacts with β-catenin to activate Wnt signaling pathway, tumorigenesis and metastasis[OL].[26 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4692324


	7. Effects of bioglass on interactions between stem cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts
	Li Haiyan
	Biology 25 May 2016
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	Abstract:Recently, urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have shown application potential for wound healing based on cell therapy strategy. However, the mechanism remains unclear. As it has been reported the interactions between stem cells and recipient cells in wound sites can stimulate wound healing through paracrine effects, we hypothesized that the wound healing ability of USCs might be related to paracrine effects between USCs and recipient cells involved in wound healing, mainly including endothelial cells and fibroblasts. In addition, our previous studies demonstrated that bioactive silicate materials could stimulate paracrine effects between bone marrow stem cells and endothelial cells as well as fibroblast and endothelial cells, which finally enhanced vascularization in bone regeneration. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the paracrine effects between USCs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and to study the effects of bioglass (BG) on these paracrine effects in order to explore the application potential of BG combining USCs on wound healing. Results show that BG ion extracts can not only affect behaviors of USCs but also stimulate paracrine effects between USCs and HUVECs, USCs/HDFs and USCs/HUVEC-HDF co-cultures, which results in stimulated vascularization of HUVECs, promoted ECM protein production and myofibroblast differentiation of fibroblasts either in indirect contact co-cultures or in USC-HUVEC direct contact co-cultures. Taken together, USCs possess application potential in wound healing based on cell therapy due to its strong effects on fibroblast and endothelial cells. More importantly, BG can be used to promote wound healing ability of USCs in tissue engineering therapy though enhancing the interactions between USCs and other types of cells.
	TO cite this article:Li Haiyan. Effects of bioglass on interactions between stem cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts[OL].[25 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4689705


	8. Asn336 is involved in the substrate affinity of glyphosate oxidase
	Gaobing Wu,Tao Zhan,Xuan Yao
	Biology 24 May 2016
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	Abstract:In the present study a variant of N336K of glycine oxidase from Bacillus cereus was selected after a thorough screening from a random mutant library of 7000 clones. To explore the function of Asn336, site-directed mutagenesis was employed to generate BceGO variants with different charge characteristics (N336H, N336R) and side chain lengths (N336A, N336G). The results showed that the affinity of N336H, N336K and N336R increased gradually towards all the substrates, with increase in positive charge on side chain, while N336A and N336G has not shown any significant effect on substrate affinity. It is interesting to note that the Km, app of N336K on glyphosate decreased 3.77-fold, and its kcat,app value declined significantly to 0.17 s-1. The experimental data and structure modeling indicated that, the residue Asn336, located in a random coil between β-18 and α-10, influence the substrate affinity in the active site of enzyme.
	TO cite this article:Gaobing Wu,Tao Zhan,Xuan Yao. Asn336 is involved in the substrate affinity of glyphosate oxidase[OL].[24 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4689870


	9. iDQC 1H-NMR spectroscopy for fast evaluation of fatty acid in intact fish
	CAI Honghao,LIN Liangjie,DING Shangwu,CUI Xiaohong,CHEN Zhong
	Biology 23 May 2016
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	Abstract:Intermolecular double-quantum coherence (iDQC) 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), which serves as a complementary method in the analyses of fatty acids, is used to investigate the intact salmon muscle and the whole zebra fish. The spectra of fatty acids of the intact salmon muscle, whose resonances are overlapped with metabolites peaks in the conventional NMR spectra, can be resolved in the presence of severe intrinsic structural inhomogeneity without sample pretreatments and special NMR accessories such as those for high speed sample spinning. For improving the practicability of the iDQC method, a localized module is combined with the iDQC method so that the fatty acids of the whole zebra fish can be detected non-invasively. All the iDQC results are verified by the extraction NMR spectra. In addition, fatty acid composition of the salmon muscle is quantitatively analyzed based on the iDQC and extraction NMR spectra. The calculated results from these two methods are in good agreement. Therefore, the iDQC method may serve as a feasible one-step and fast screening method for fish quality analyses and lipid inspections of other biological tissues.
	TO cite this article:CAI Honghao,LIN Liangjie,DING Shangwu, et al. iDQC 1H-NMR spectroscopy for fast evaluation of fatty acid in intact fish[OL].[23 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4692590


	10. Comparisons of extraction methods of microbial DNA from fermented grains
	ZHANG Yuhan,LI Guanhua,YUAN Lin
	Biology 19 May 2016
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	Abstract:Microbial populations in fermented grains during fermentation is the key to influence the flavor of Chinese liquor. In this paper, fermented grains samples from Hetao were used for DNA extraction, we studied the effects of six different extraction methods on total DNA extraction from fermented grains. The follow-up experiment showed that the obtained results in the use of the repeated freezing and thawing was the best for DNA extraction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparing with the other methods, the repeated freezing and thawing can reflect better the diversity of microorganism.
	TO cite this article:ZHANG Yuhan,LI Guanhua,YUAN Lin. Comparisons of extraction methods of microbial DNA from fermented grains[OL].[19 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4691595

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