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	1. A possible cause of the Cambrian explosion:the influence of radioactivity on biological evolution
	PENG Haibo,LIU Fengfei,SUN Mengli,CHEN Hao,WANG Tieshang
	Biology 25 September 2017
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	Abstract:Cambrian explosion, the Big Bang in biology, strongly influences on biosphere. However, the cause of the Cambrian explosion is unknown. A hypothesis that a step increase in radioactive level led to the increase of specie number was proposed. On the basis of assumption that evolution rate increased with radiation level in environment, a model was proposed to calculate the evolution of specie number with time during the Cambrian period. The specie number calculated by our mode was insistent with the class number in Cambrian period. Candidates of radionuclides that might induce increase of the radiation level in Cambrian period were listed. Possible paths that the radionuclides went into ocean were discussed. This work presents a new explanation to cause of Cambrian explosion which could explain an explosion in specie number in a short time.?????
	TO cite this article:PENG Haibo,LIU Fengfei,SUN Mengli, et al. A possible cause of the Cambrian explosion:the influence of radioactivity on biological evolution[OL].[25 September 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4741582


	2. Gene regulation and signal transduction in the ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway during cold stress in plants
	WANG Dazhi,JIN Yanan,DING Xihan,WANG Wenjia,ZHAI Shanshan,BAI Liping,GUO Zhifu
	Biology 07 September 2017
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	Abstract:Low temperatures are an abiotic stress that adversely affects the growth and production of plants. Plants\' resistance and adaptation to cold stress is dependent upon the activation of molecular networks and pathways involved in signal transduction and the regulation of cold-stress related genes. As it has numerous and complex genes, regulation factors and pathways, research on the ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway is the most studied and detailed, which is thought to be pretty important for cold resistance of plant. In this review, we focus on function of each member, interrelation among members, influence of manipulators and repressors in ICE-CBF-COR pathway. In addition, the regulation and signal transduction about plant hormones, circadian clock and light are also discussed. The studies presented provide a detailed picture of the ICE-CBF-COR pathway.
	TO cite this article:WANG Dazhi,JIN Yanan,DING Xihan, et al. Gene regulation and signal transduction in the ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway during cold stress in plants[OL].[ 7 September 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4741390

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	3. Characterization of Post-translational Modifications in κ-casein macropeptide
	Xiaolu Zhao,Ole N. Jensen
	Biology 11 May 2017
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	Abstract:Bovine κ-casein macropeptide (CMP), the C-terminal part of bovine κ-casein comprising 64 amino acid residues, plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the casein micelles in milk and also exhibits various biological activities and nutritive properties. CMP is quite heterogeneous consisting of numerous molecular forms due to a variety of post-translational modifications including both phosphorylation and O-glycosylation in addition to genetic modifications. The PTMs that are believed to affect the functional properties of CMP were investigated in this study. The aim was to develop a mass spectrometry-based strategy for the extensive characterization of CMP - discovery and site occupancy of phosphoylation and glycosylation as well as glycan structure elucidation. RP-HPLC separation of CMP not only led to isolation of individual subcomponents in CMP but also allowed structural assignments of 22 different molecular forms in combination with MALDI TOF MS analysis. After Glu-C digestion, different enrichment techniques such as TiO2 and ZIC-HILIC or other experimental approaches like neuraminidase treatment and β-elimination were ultilized prior to mass spectrometry for the recovery and enhanced detection of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides. The tetrasaccharide structure GalNAc(NeuAc)-Gal-NeuAc was determined as the main sugar chain attached to CMP by MALDI Q-TOF analysis. MSn analysis of phosphopeptides allowed the determination of four phosphorylation sites in the use of different instruments (MALDI Q-TOF, LC ESI Q-TOF and LTQ-FT), two of which are new. LTQ-FT MS analysis of intact glycopeptides with glycans attached allowed both the peptide sequence determination and the modified sites assignments. Moreover, LTQ-FT MS analysis of glycopeptides after β-elimination with ammonia also allowed the localization of the glycosylated sites. Four glycosylation sites were identified, at least one of which is new. The higher heterogeneity of CMP discovered in this study can give better idea on how this 'hairy' macropeptide functions in the maintenance of the equilibria between casein micelles and milk serum, make good sense in understanding the biological properties of CMP, and thus contribute to the food and pharmaceutical industries which are based on the activities and functions of CMP.
	TO cite this article:Xiaolu Zhao,Ole N. Jensen. Characterization of Post-translational Modifications in κ-casein macropeptide[OL].[11 May 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4732863


	4. The role of protein phosphorylation in mitochondria
	Xiaolu Zhao
	Biology 11 May 2017
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	Abstract:Mitochondria play a central role in energy metabolism and cellular survival, and consequently mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a number of human pathologies, such as type 2 diabetes. There is an increasing understanding/interest of the use of reversible protein phosphorylation as a central mechanism in regulating various mitochondrial processes. E.g. in skeletal muscle, aberrant phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins has been hypothesized to play a role for the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes previous studies on the role of protein phosphorylation in mitochondrial functions, mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics strategies and phosphoproteomic studies of mitchondria.
	TO cite this article:Xiaolu Zhao. The role of protein phosphorylation in mitochondria[OL].[11 May 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4732969


	5. The research in equilibrium study and diversified models of thifensulfuron methyl in several common pure solvents and mixture organic solvents from (278.15 to 333.15) K
	Yuhao Zhang,Yemin Yu,Yonghong Hu,Renlun Deng,Wenge Yang,Tao Li,Yang Cao
	Biology 10 May 2017
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	Abstract:IThifensulfuron methyl is a kind of herbicide and an important chemical intermediate product, Data on corresponding solid?liquid equilibrium of thifensulfuron methyl in different solvents is essential for a preliminary study of industrial applications. In this study, the solubility of thifensulfuron methyl in water, methanol, ethanol, butyl alcohol, isopropanol, acetone, acetonitrile, hexane and ethyl acetate pure solvents and the solubility in (ethanol + ethyl acetate) mixture solvents was measured in the temperature range from 278.15 K to 328.15 K. We use the gravimetric method get the solubility data, contact with the modified apelblat equation and λh equation. We can calculate and analysis thermodynamic parameters (including enthalpy, entropy, and gibbs energy) by the van't hoff analysis and gibbs equation. Calculations proves that the modified apelblat model has advantages than the other two models. In addition, the calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that in each studied solvent the dissolution of thermodynamic models is endothermic, nonspontaneous, and an entropy-driven process.
	TO cite this article:Yuhao Zhang,Yemin Yu,Yonghong Hu, et al. The research in equilibrium study and diversified models of thifensulfuron methyl in several common pure solvents and mixture organic solvents from (278.15 to 333.15) K[OL].[10 May 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4732331


	6. Habitats availability for wintering waterbirds as a response to water level in the Shengjin Lake, a newly designated Wetland of International Importance in China
	Li Chunlin
	Biology 03 May 2017
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	Abstract:Wetland losses and degradations worldwide have resulted in dramatic declines of wetland-dependent waterbirds populations and their habitats. Effective conservation plans to provide essential habitats for waterbirds in periodically inundated wetlands should be based on a deep understanding of the strong relationship between habitat availability and the hydrological regime. Based on waterbirds survey and remotely sensed image classification at various water levels, we investigated how habitat availability for wintering waterbirds responded to water level fluctuation in the Shengjin Lake, a newly designated Wetland of International Important in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain, China. During the field survey in the winter 2014-2015, we recorded up to 38 564 individuals of 47 waterbirds species, which could be categorized into four foraging guilds that primarily occur on grassland, mudflat, shallow water or deep water. Habitat availability for wintering waterbirds of all foraging guilds exhibited significant responses to the seasonal water level fluctuation in the lake. At high water level, deep water dominated the lake and could reach up to the peak of 14 500 ha. Along with the water recession during the wintering period, riparian grounds were gradually exposed to provide habitats for waders, shorebirds and geese, which could occupy more than 50% of the lake. The water level fluctuation also affected the landscape metrics, specifying in the increased diversity and decreased fragmentation of the riparian habitats during the water recession period. The artificial regulation of water level, however, changed the natural transition between aquatic habitats which would ultimately affect waterbirds diversity and distribution. We suggest stepwise water recession plans to facilitate waterbird conservation in the lacustrine wetlands in the Yangtze River floodplain, together with recovery of aquatic vegetation community, to synchronize exposure of foraging habitats with migration phonologies of different waterbirds guilds.
	TO cite this article:Li Chunlin. Habitats availability for wintering waterbirds as a response to water level in the Shengjin Lake, a newly designated Wetland of International Importance in China[OL].[ 3 May 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4732055


	7. The complete mitogenome and gene organization of the Chinese water dragon (Physignathus cocincinus)
	YAN Long,YAN Peng
	Biology 29 April 2017
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	Abstract:The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the Chinese water dragon (Physignathus cocincinus) was determined using PCR and sequenced with a primer walking method. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16,451 bp in length, which contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and one control region (CR). The gene arrangement and composition of P. cocincinus was similar to most other vertebrate, but the order of the tRNA-Ile and tRNA-Gln was switched and lack of the origin of L-strand replication (OL). Meanwhile, there was only one CR in P. cocincinus mitogenome, where it was located between the tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe gene. Duplication of the control region was not found in P. cocincinus, which was often observed in the mitogenomes of Agamidae.
	TO cite this article:YAN Long,YAN Peng. The complete mitogenome and gene organization of the Chinese water dragon (Physignathus cocincinus)[OL].[29 April 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4730948


	8. Identification of ZmaM, a bifunctional ABC transporter, reveals the presence of other alternative transport and peptide cleavage pathway during zwittermicin A biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus
	LUO Yi,ZHANG Yuyang,SUN Ming
	Biology 28 April 2017
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	Abstract:ZmaM, a possible ABC transporter maturation and secretion (AMS) protein, whose coding gene locates in the biosynthesis gene cluster of zwittermicin A (ZmA), a novel antibiotic produced by certain Bacillus cereus group strains, may contribute to the fatty acyl-D-Asn-ZmA intermediate transport, and to the cleavage of the acyl-D-Asn of the intermediate, releasing mature ZmA. AMS protein is common in the lantibiotic peptide biosynthesis but rare in the antibiotic biosynthesis. The peptidase activity of ZmaM has been identified in vitro, but the real contribution of ZmaM to the ZmA biosynthesis still unknowns. In this study, we detailedly demonstrated the structure of ZmaM, and constructed an ABC transporter domain and a whole zmaM gene in-frame deletion mutants respectively. Unexpectedly, both mutants were found still can produce ZmA, but the ZmA yields became almost half of the wild-type strain UW85. The transporter activity of ZmaM was confirmed and the contribution of ZmaM to ZmA biosynthesis was indentified due to these findings. Our results also indicates that there is sure existing other alternative transport and peptide cleavage pathway during ZmA biosynthesis. Assuredly, several genes which predicted could be complementary to the function of ZmaM were found in stain UW85 and another ZmA producing stain B. thuringiensis YBT-1520. These results make a further step to clarify the ZmA biosynthesis.
	TO cite this article:LUO Yi,ZHANG Yuyang,SUN Ming. Identification of ZmaM, a bifunctional ABC transporter, reveals the presence of other alternative transport and peptide cleavage pathway during zwittermicin A biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus[OL].[28 April 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4730843


	9. Mitochondrial genome sequencing of three firefly beetles and phylogenetic analysis of 18 species of beetles
	WANG Kai,HONG Wei,JIAO Hengwu,MU Feng-Juan,ZHAO Huabin
	Biology 24 April 2017
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	Abstract:To validate the phylogenetic inference based on transcriptome data, we employed the traditional Sanger sequencing to obtain two complete mitogenomes (Aquatica ficta and A. wuhana) and one nearly complete mitogenome (Lamprigera yunnana); we also identified the 13 protein coding genes (PCGs) in mitogenomes from each of the four whole-body transcriptomes; and we additionally retrieved 12 published complete mitogenomes from members of Rhagophthalmidae, Lampyridae, Phengodidae, Elateridae, Lycidae, Cantharidae, and Tenebrionidae. Our mitogenome analysis confirmed the distinctiveness of Rhagophthalmidae from Lampyridae, which is consistent to our earlier transcriptome analysis.
	TO cite this article:WANG Kai,HONG Wei,JIAO Hengwu, et al. Mitochondrial genome sequencing of three firefly beetles and phylogenetic analysis of 18 species of beetles[OL].[24 April 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4727742


	10. Transcriptome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four species of luminescent beetles
	WANG Kai,HONG Wei,JIAO Hengwu,ZHAO Huabin
	Biology 24 April 2017
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	Abstract:The evolution of bioluminescence has prompted scientific attention to illuminate phylogenetic relationships of luminescent beetles. However, genomic resources are virtually lacking in rhagophthalmids (Rhagophthalmidae) and their related firefly beetles lampyrids (Lampyridae). Here, we employed the Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform and sequenced the whole-body transcriptomes of the four luminescent beetles: one rhagophthalmid (Rhagophthalmus sp.) and three fireflies (Asymmetricata circumdata, Aquatica ficta, and Pyrocoelia pectoralis). We obtained 55.4, 43.4, 38.6, and 36.7 million clean reads for the four species, respectively. All reads were assembled into contigs from which unigenes were derived. All unigenes were annotated by publicly available databases, and a total of 4325 orthologous genes were identified. Using multiple phylogenetic approaches, our transcriptome data confirmed the distinctiveness of Rhagophthalmidae from Lampyridae. Together, this study is the first report of whole transcriptome sequencing data in Rhagophthalmidae and Lampyridae species, representing a valuable genomic resource for studying the origin and evolution of some remarkable traits in these beetles such as bioluminescence. Moreover, our transcriptome data provide useful phylogenetic information that could be of importance in future studies of phylogenetic inference.
	TO cite this article:WANG Kai,HONG Wei,JIAO Hengwu, et al. Transcriptome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four species of luminescent beetles[OL].[24 April 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4727609

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