Abstract:Ligularia virgaurea widely distributes in the alpine meadows on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau. We studied effects of temperatures, light and seed storage length on germination by laboratory experiments, effects of seed mass and light on emergence by pot experiments and the patterns of emergence in different levels of disturbed meadows by field experiments to investigate the germination and emergence strategies of this species. Seeds of L. virgaurea had no endogenous dormancy and germinated at wide temperatures comparable to those in its typical environments (5:15, 10:20 and 18:28 ℃), both in a 12h dark: 12h light photoperiod and in complete darkness. The emergence percentage of large seeds (78.1%) was higher than that of small seeds (59.1%). Survival of seedlings from large seeds was higher than from small seeds and mean emergence time of small seeds was longer than that of large seeds under 75% and 50% of natural irradiance. Large seeds of L. virgaurea were more successful colonization in the alpine environments. The recruitment of L. virgaurea was higher in degenerated meadows (20.49%) than in non-degenerated meadows (3.96%). These results suggested that seeds of L. virgaurea could germinate in both degenerated meadows and non-degenerated meadows but seed emergence and seedling establishment were higher in the disturbed sites, which meant degradation of meadows facilitates recruitment and establishment of L. virgaurea

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	1. Germination strategies of Ligularia virgaurea in the alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau
	Du GuoZhen ,Wang Mantang,He Yanlong
	Biology 09 January 2008
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	Abstract:Ligularia virgaurea widely distributes in the alpine meadows on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau. We studied effects of temperatures, light and seed storage length on germination by laboratory experiments, effects of seed mass and light on emergence by pot experiments and the patterns of emergence in different levels of disturbed meadows by field experiments to investigate the germination and emergence strategies of this species. Seeds of L. virgaurea had no endogenous dormancy and germinated at wide temperatures comparable to those in its typical environments (5:15, 10:20 and 18:28 ℃), both in a 12h dark: 12h light photoperiod and in complete darkness. The emergence percentage of large seeds (78.1%) was higher than that of small seeds (59.1%). Survival of seedlings from large seeds was higher than from small seeds and mean emergence time of small seeds was longer than that of large seeds under 75% and 50% of natural irradiance. Large seeds of L. virgaurea were more successful colonization in the alpine environments. The recruitment of L. virgaurea was higher in degenerated meadows (20.49%) than in non-degenerated meadows (3.96%). These results suggested that seeds of L. virgaurea could germinate in both degenerated meadows and non-degenerated meadows but seed emergence and seedling establishment were higher in the disturbed sites, which meant degradation of meadows facilitates recruitment and establishment of L. virgaurea
	TO cite this article:Du GuoZhen ,Wang Mantang,He Yanlong. Germination strategies of Ligularia virgaurea in the alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau[OL].[ 9 January 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/17881


	2. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Singapore grouper iridovirus by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
	Mao Xinliang,Zhou Sheng,Xu Dan,Gong Jie,Cui Huachun,Qin Qiwei ,Qin Qiwei
	Biology 24 December 2007
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	Abstract:Aims: The aim of this paper is to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for rapid, sensitive and inexpensive detection of SGIV in grouper, Epinephelus sp. Methods and Results: A set of six specific primers was designed by targeting the SGIV ORF-014L. With Bst DNA polymerase large fragment, the target DNA can be amplified as early as 20 min at 65°C in a simple water bath. The detection limit is about 0.02 fg (equivalent to 6.3 copies) of plasmid ORF-014L. LAMP products could be judged with three different methods. There were no cross reactions with 7 other aquatic animal viruses indicating high specificity of the LAMP. The LAMP method was applied to detect SGIV in virus infected GP cells and grouper tissues effectively. Conclusions: The LAMP described in this study is a cheap, sensitive, specific and rapid protocol for detection of SGIV in cells and in grouper tissues. Significance and Impact of the Study: The developed LAMP method can be simply applied both in field condition and in laboratory operation for specific detection of SGIV infection.
	TO cite this article:Mao Xinliang,Zhou Sheng,Xu Dan, et al. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Singapore grouper iridovirus by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification[OL].[24 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/17288

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	3. Effects of chronic morphine exposure on visual response variability and latency in cats
	Zaiyang Long,Zhen Liang,Lihua He
	Biology 17 December 2007
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	Abstract:Chronic morphine exposure results in a degradation of the functional properties of cortical neurons. However, little evidence has been shown about morphine’s effects on the variability of visual response. To investigate whether chronic morphine exposure influences variability, we compared neurons of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in morphine- and saline-treated cats. We found LGN neurons exhibited significantly increased variability after morphine administration. It is known that variability might act as one of the factors affecting response latency. Therefore, we correlated increased variability and prolonged latency, and this study showed the change of variability might contribute to delayed response accompanied by morphine. Increased variability together with prolonged latency should contribute to functional degradation in cortical areas after chronic morphine exposure.
	TO cite this article:Zaiyang Long,Zhen Liang,Lihua He. Effects of chronic morphine exposure on visual response variability and latency in cats[OL].[17 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/17066


	4. Isolation of Trichoderma reesei PyrG negative mutant by UV Mutagenesis and its Application in Transformation
	Long Hao,Wang Tianhong,Zhang Yingkuan
	Biology 17 December 2007
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	Abstract:Two uridine auxotrophic mutants of Trichoderma reesei were isolated by resistance to 5-fluoroorotic acid after UV mutagenesis. One mutant, called M23, was complemented with the Aspergillus niger pyrG gene carried by plasmid pAB4-1. Mutated pyrG gene of M23 was cloned and DNA sequencing analysis indicated that a cytosine inserted into the 934-939 oligo dC position of the pyrG coding region, resulting in a frameshift mutation. Transformation efficiency was approximately 200-300 transformants per μg of DNA with plasmid pAB4-1. Stable transformants were obtained by monosporic culture and showed to be prototroph after successive propagation. Vitreoscilla hemoglobin expression plasmid pUCVHb co-transformed with plasmid pAB4-1 attained transformation efficiency of 71.8% versus 21.6% with pAN7-1. Southern blot analysis of the transformants demonstrated that plasmid pUCVHb was integrated into the chromosomal DNA. The experimental results demonstrated that the pyrG-based system was more efficient and timesaving than the conventional hygromycin B resistance-based transformation system.
	TO cite this article:Long Hao,Wang Tianhong,Zhang Yingkuan. Isolation of Trichoderma reesei PyrG negative mutant by UV Mutagenesis and its Application in Transformation[OL].[17 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/17054


	5. Effect of Calnexin Deletion on the Expession Level of Binding Protein (BiP) Under Heat Stress Conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
	Zhang Huili ,Hu Bingjie ,Ji Yanyan ,Akio Kato,Song Youtao
	Biology 14 December 2007
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	Abstract:In order to investigate the effect of calnexin deletion on the induction of main ER molecular chaperone BiP, we cultured the wild-type and calnexin-disrupted Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains under the normal and stress conditions. The growth rate of the calnexin-disrupted yeast was almost the same as that of the wild-type yeast under those conditions. However, the induced mRNA level of BiP in the ER was evidently higher in calnexin-disrupted S. cerevisiae relative to the wild type at 37 C, but was almost the same in the two strains under the normal conditions. The western blotting analysis for BiP protein expression in the ER yielded results that showed a parallel in their mRNA levels in both strains. It is suggested that under heat stress conditions the induction of BiP in the ER could recover parts of the function of calnexin in calnexin-disrupted yeast, and result in the same growth rate as in wild-type yeast.
	TO cite this article:Zhang Huili ,Hu Bingjie ,Ji Yanyan , et al. Effect of Calnexin Deletion on the Expession Level of Binding Protein (BiP) Under Heat Stress Conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae[OL].[14 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/16921


	6. Observation and Quantitative Compare of P-like cells in Right Atrium between Male and Female Mice
	Yuan Guoqiang,Bai Zhongtian,Wang Jianlin
	Biology 06 September 2007
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	Abstract:Aim To investigate the morphological basis on which sex differences in the probability of happening atrial fibrillations by observing morphologically and comparing quantitatively P-like cells in the right atrium between male and female mice. Methods 20 adult healthy Wistar mice ware used in the experiment， male and female mice ten respectively. Wright atrias of this mouse were dissected. Serial sections from this tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Then slides were examined， measured and photographed by light microscope. Results It was indicated that cell acreage， nuclear acreage and the ratio between them of P-like cells in the right atrium from male and female were different. Conclusion The morphological differences of P-like cells in the right atrium from male and female may be the reason that leaded to sex differences in happening atrial fibrillations.
	TO cite this article:Yuan Guoqiang,Bai Zhongtian,Wang Jianlin. Observation and Quantitative Compare of P-like cells in Right Atrium between Male and Female Mice[OL].[ 6 September 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/14918


	7. Functional characterization of a Root-knot nematode resistance gene Mi from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)
	Chen Rugang,Zhang Liying,Zhang Junhong,Zhang Wei,Wang Xue,Ouyang Bo,Li Hanxia,Ye Zhibiao
	Biology 29 March 2006
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	Abstract:Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause major economic damage of numerous crop species around the world. Plant resistance is the most important attribute that is able to suppress invasion by the root-knot nematodes. In present study, a candidate root-knot nematode resistance gene Mi was isolated from the resistant tomato line RN-1. Expression profiling analysis revealed that this gene expressed specifically in roots, stems and leaves, but not in flowers or fruits. To verify the real function of this candidate gene, both the sense and RNAi vectors were constructed. We obtained thirty-one transgenic plants with 1 to 7 copies of T-DNA inserts of sense Mi from two nematode susceptible tomato cultivars as assayed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression levels of Mi gene were varied in different transgenic plants. Nematode assays showed that the resistance to root-knot nematodes was significantly improved in some transgenic lines compared to untransformed susceptible control, and the resistance was inheritable in their selfed progenies. Loss of function via RNAi further confirmed the role of the Mi gene, and the original resistant lines became susceptible to root-knot nematodes.
	TO cite this article:Chen Rugang,Zhang Liying,Zhang Junhong, et al. Functional characterization of a Root-knot nematode resistance gene Mi from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)[OL].[29 March 2006] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/5980


	8. Cloning, Expression and Characterization of an Enantioselective Lipase LipB68 from Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain B68
	Luo Yu ,Zheng Yitao,Jiang Zhengbing,Ma Yushu,Wei Dongzhi
	Biology 02 March 2006
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	Abstract:A lipase-producing bacterium strain B68 was screened and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens sp. Novel lipase gene lipB68 was cloned and sequenced… by the method of GenomeWalker. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,431 nucleotides, encoding a protein with 476 amino acids and a molecular mass of 50,193 Da, being a member of lipase subfamily I.3. The lipB68 gene was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) in the form of inclusion body and the purification and protein refolding were conducted. Lipase lipB68 had a favorable reaction temperature of 20°C with p-Nitrophenyl caprate as substrate, lower than all the known lipases from subfamily I.3. And it also showed good stability to organic solvents such as DMF and acetonitrile. After being immobilized on fabric of cellulose, lipase lipB68 showed high enantioselectivity at the resolution of racemic a-phenylethanol and a-phenylpropanol (E=220, and 190 respectively).
	TO cite this article:Luo Yu ,Zheng Yitao,Jiang Zhengbing, et al. Cloning, Expression and Characterization of an Enantioselective Lipase LipB68 from Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain B68[OL].[ 2 March 2006] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/5463


	9. The effect of early auditory deprivation on the age-dependent expression pattern of NR2B mRNA in rat auditory cortex
	Caixia Bi,Yilei Cui,Yuting Mao,Jinghong Xu,Feng Xu,Jiping Zhang,Xinde Sun
	Biology 31 December 2005
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	Abstract:Using in situ hybridization (ISH), present research minutely investigated the age-dependent expression pattern of NR2B mRNA in rat auditory cortex (AC) during postnatal development and the effect of early auditory deprivation. For the rats in the normal group, the mRNA expression of NR2B was highest at birth (postnatal day 1), but declined rapidly until low level of adulthood, during which there was a rising period with a transient peak on postnatal day 21 (P21); for the rats in the deprived group, the whole declining-as-aging trend of NR2B mRNA expression was similar to that of normal group, but the expression level from P15 to P27 were much lower than that of normal group with the greatest reduction from P21 to P23 and the transient peak on P21 disappeared. In both groups, the distribution pattern of NR2B mRNA positive neurons in 6 layers and dorsal, medial and ventral sub-districts of auditory cortex was also examined. There is no significant effect on the expression pattern between normal and deprived group. Our results indicated that the early auditory deprivation decreased the age-dependent expression pattern of NR2B mRNA, suggesting that NR2B may play an important role in the developmental plasticity of auditory function in rats.
	TO cite this article:Caixia Bi,Yilei Cui,Yuting Mao, et al. The effect of early auditory deprivation on the age-dependent expression pattern of NR2B mRNA in rat auditory cortex[OL].[31 December 2005] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4824


	10. Early chronic blockade of NR2B subunits and transient activation of NMDA receptors modulates LTP in mouse auditory cortex
	Yuting Mao,Shaoyun Zang,Jiping Zhang,Xinde Sun
	Biology 31 December 2005
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	Abstract:In the auditory cortex, the properties of NMDA receptors depend primarily on the ratio of NR2A and NR2B subunits. NR2B subunit expression is high at the beginning of critical period and lower in adulthood. Because NMDA receptors are crucial intriggering long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression, developmental or experience-dependent modification of NMDAR subunit composition is likely to influence synaptic plasticity. To examine how NMDA subunit change duing postnatal development affect the adult synaptic plasticity, we employed chronic ifenprodil blockade of NR2B subunits and analyzed evoked field potentials in adult C57BL/6 mice auditory cortex (AC). We found that chronic loss of NR2B activity led to adecline in LTP magnitude in the AC of adult mice. Adding NMDA to the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) in blocked mice had the opposite effect, producing LTP magnitudes at or exceeding those found in treated or untreated animals. These results suggest that even in adulthood when NR2B expression is downregulated, these receptor subunits play an important role in experience-dependent plasticity of mouse auditory cortex. Blockade from P60 did not result in any decrease of LTP amplitude,suggesting that chronic block in postnatal period may permanently affect cortical circuits so that they cannot produce significant LTP in adulthood.
	TO cite this article:Yuting Mao,Shaoyun Zang,Jiping Zhang, et al. Early chronic blockade of NR2B subunits and transient activation of NMDA receptors modulates LTP in mouse auditory cortex[OL].[31 December 2005] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4820

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