Abstract:Although the use of partial nitrification, or nitritation, for nitrogen removal via nitrite is an energy-saving method for treating high-strength ammonia wastewater, its stable operation with sufficient enrichment of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is difficult to maintain in activated sludge systems. In this study, an aerobic granulation technique was developed for the effective and stable nitritation treatment of ammonia-rich inorganic influent. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was added to the bioreactor to enhance the granulation of slow-growing AOB. The results show that aerobic granules could be formed for partial nitrification through the selective discharge of small and slow-settling sludge flocs, with or without activated carbon addition. However, dosing GAC into the sludge greatly accelerated the granulation process and shortened the granulation period from about 6 weeks to less than 3 weeks with the formation of large and fast-settling granules. Compared to activated sludge flocs, sludge granulation with selective sludge discharge was found to help halt ammonia oxidation to the level of partial nitrification rather than complete nitrification.

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	1. Aerobic sludge granulation facilitated by granular activated carbon for partial nitrification
	LI Anjie,HOU Baolian
	Environmental Science and Techology 23 June 2014
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	Abstract:Although the use of partial nitrification, or nitritation, for nitrogen removal via nitrite is an energy-saving method for treating high-strength ammonia wastewater, its stable operation with sufficient enrichment of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is difficult to maintain in activated sludge systems. In this study, an aerobic granulation technique was developed for the effective and stable nitritation treatment of ammonia-rich inorganic influent. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was added to the bioreactor to enhance the granulation of slow-growing AOB. The results show that aerobic granules could be formed for partial nitrification through the selective discharge of small and slow-settling sludge flocs, with or without activated carbon addition. However, dosing GAC into the sludge greatly accelerated the granulation process and shortened the granulation period from about 6 weeks to less than 3 weeks with the formation of large and fast-settling granules. Compared to activated sludge flocs, sludge granulation with selective sludge discharge was found to help halt ammonia oxidation to the level of partial nitrification rather than complete nitrification.
	TO cite this article:LI Anjie,HOU Baolian. Aerobic sludge granulation facilitated by granular activated carbon for partial nitrification[OL].[23 June 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4602129


	2. Community Analysis of Halophilic Bacterial Consortium Capable of Degrading Phenol over a Wide Range of Salinity and the Degradation Pathway
	HUANG Zhongzi,WANG Ping,LI Hui,LIN Kuangfei,LU Zhiyan,GUO Xiaojue,LIU Yongdi
	Environmental Science and Techology 15 June 2014
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	Abstract:A moderately halophilic bacterial enrichment was able to degrade 120 mg/L of phenol in the presence of 1-2 M of NaCl within 3 d or 2.5-3 M of NaCl within 6 d. The optimal degradation was achieved at 1.5 M of NaCl and 350 mg/L of phenol. PCR-DGGE profile of the enrichment showed that the Acidobacterium sp. and Chloroflexus sp. dominated the community. The phenol-biodegradation pathways consisted of an initial oxidative attack by phenol hydroxylase, and subsequent ring fission by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy profiles showed that ectoine and hydroxyectoine were the main compatible solutes to adjust the bacterial osmotic pressure. This study provides further information on the understanding of phenol-degradation over a wide range of salinity and remediation of phenol as a pollutant in the environment.
	TO cite this article:HUANG Zhongzi,WANG Ping,LI Hui, et al. Community Analysis of Halophilic Bacterial Consortium Capable of Degrading Phenol over a Wide Range of Salinity and the Degradation Pathway[OL].[15 June 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4600166

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	3. Aerobic biodegradation of trichloroethylene by a bacterial community that uses hydrogen peroxide as the sole oxygen source
	ZHANG Shiyang,WANG Xiaoli,ZHU Ruili,Li Hui,WANG Ping,YANG Jie,LIN Kuangfei,GU Jidong,LIU Yongdi
	Environmental Science and Techology 04 June 2014
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	Abstract:In this study, a bacterial community was enriched to aerobically degrade trichloroethylene (TCE) by using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the sole oxygen source. The enriched bacterial community could degrade 120 mg/L TCE within 12 d in the presence of 8 mM H2O2, which was found to be the optimum concentration, and the efficiency of TCE degradation reached up to 80.6%. The bacterial community adapted to 2-8 mM H2O2 by increasing the activities of key enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase. 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing showed that the dominant species in the community belonged to Bordetella, Stenotrophomonas, Sinorhizobium, Variovorax, and Sphingobium. Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that phenol hydroxylase (Lph) gene was involved in TCE degradation in the presence of H2O2. Phenol induced the bacterial Lph gene, which catalyzed epoxidation of TCE. Our study findings might contribute to the in situ bioremediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater.
	TO cite this article:ZHANG Shiyang,WANG Xiaoli,ZHU Ruili, et al. Aerobic biodegradation of trichloroethylene by a bacterial community that uses hydrogen peroxide as the sole oxygen source[OL].[ 4 June 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4599609


	4. Occurrence of phthalate esters in surface water and sediments from the Pearl River Delta, Southern China
	LI Ting,YIN Pinghe,ZHAO Ling
	Environmental Science and Techology 26 May 2014
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	Abstract:Rapid developments of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in recent decades have resulted in the increasingly serious environmental pollution in and around the region. The 6 priority phthalate esters (PAEs) were investigated in surface water and sediment from seven estuaries within the PRD for assessing the ecological risk to the aquatic environment. The concentration of Σ6PAEs in surface water ranged from 1.26 to 28.1 μg L-1, with a mean concentration of 16.5 μg L-1. It was from 1.56 to 31.2 μg g-1 dw in sediment, with a mean concentration of 9.72 μg g-1 dw. DMP, DBP and DEHP were found in all samples, and they were the predominant PAEs in the region. The distribution of PAEs showed that more serious pollution was found in Humen and the consumption of PAEs was increased in the most recent years in the PRD region. Risk quotient of detected PAEs to the relevant aquatic organisms of fish, daphnids and algae indicated the possible threat for the aquatic environment due to the presence of DBP and DEHP.
	TO cite this article:LI Ting,YIN Pinghe,ZHAO Ling. Occurrence of phthalate esters in surface water and sediments from the Pearl River Delta, Southern China[OL].[26 May 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4598552


	5. Biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole by Phanerochaete chrysosporium
	GUO Xiali,ZHU Zhengwei,LI Hongli
	Environmental Science and Techology 10 February 2014
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	Abstract:In this paper, degradation of sulfamethoxazole(SMX) by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was assessed. P. chrysosporium had a stronger tolerance for SMX in the concentration range of 10-30mg/L. The degradation percentage of SMX in liquid medium was 53% after 24h and reached 74% after 10 days when SMX was added at 10mg/L. Crude laccase produced by P. chrysosporium was used to degrade SMX in vitro. The results showed that the removal of SMX obviously increased with laccase activity and reaction time increasing.
	TO cite this article:GUO Xiali,ZHU Zhengwei,LI Hongli. Biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole by Phanerochaete chrysosporium[OL].[10 February 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4584992


	6. Using CA-Markov Models to Simulate the Land-use Changes in Pudong New Area, Shanghai City
	Xie Yi,Ma Weichun,Zhang Hao,Chen Weizhen,Chen Mingnan,Zhou Liguo
	Environmental Science and Techology 15 January 2014
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	Abstract:In recent years, much attention has been paid to land-use change simulations for the sake of better displaying the mechanism of land-use change and making out relevant policies. While CA-Markov model is a robust approach in spatial and temporal dynamic modeling of land use/cover changes because geographic information system (GIS) and remote-sensing data can be efficiently incorporated. In this paper, geographical environment factors as well as social-economic factors are combined with land-use current situation data over the past one decade to simulate the future land use patterns of Pudong New Area, Shanghai city. As a newly well-developed district in Shanghai, Pudong New Area is experiencing an increase in both population and built-up areas, which intensify the contradictions of all kinds of land use. CA-Markov model is introduced to simulate the land use changes of the city. After determined the parameter, transformation rules and correcting process of the model, it is applied to the simulation and prediction of Pudong New Area. The good simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of our model, which can reflect the characteristics of the Land use Policy in past years, and guarantee appropriate deployment of the urban land. Moreover, we further used the established CA-Markov model to simulate the land use situation in 2012 and 2018, and therefore provide a reference and solution to sustainable development in the study area.
	TO cite this article:Xie Yi,Ma Weichun,Zhang Hao, et al. Using CA-Markov Models to Simulate the Land-use Changes in Pudong New Area, Shanghai City[OL].[15 January 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4582182


	7. Inhibitory effect of formate on oxidation of Cr(III) under UV irradiation
	WANG Zhaohui,XIAO Dongxue,LIU Renlan,LIU Jianshe
	Environmental Science and Techology 17 December 2013
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	Abstract:The oxidation processes of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) are not well understood, although the reduction of Cr(VI) has been extensively investigated. Here the effects of the small organic acid, formic acid, on the iron-catalyzed photo-oxidation of Cr(III) were examined. The concentrations of Cr(VI), Fe(II) and H2O2 were monitored to elucidate the reaction mechanisms. In the absence of formate, Cr(III) can be readily oxidized to Cr(VI) by photogenerated oOH from photolysis of ferric hydroxyl complex. The presence of formate diminished the production of Cr(VI) due to its strong radical scavenging capacity for oOH and potential re-reduction of Cr(VI) by its secondary reducing CO2o- radical. However, the yield of CO2o- may be very low because of the much lower quantum yield of oOH in UV/Fe(III) systems. The present study has important implication for understanding the redox chemistry of chromium species in carbon-rich aquatic environment.
	TO cite this article:WANG Zhaohui,XIAO Dongxue,LIU Renlan, et al. Inhibitory effect of formate on oxidation of Cr(III) under UV irradiation[OL].[17 December 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4575806


	8. A Hybrid LBM-FDM Model for Sediment Transport and Riverbed Deformation
	Haifei Liu,Yu Ding,Min Li,Ping Lin
	Environmental Science and Techology 17 December 2013
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	Abstract:In this study, a two-dimensional hybrid numerical model for sediment transport based on lattice Boltzmann method and finite difference method is presented. The governing equations for water flow and suspended sediment transport are the shallow water equations and the advection-diffusion equations, respectively. Sediment load is also involved, so that riverbed deformation is numerically simulated. The model is verified by testing transportation of bank-slump sediment in a sharp bended channel with the comparison to the results of well-accepted finite volume method, illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid model.
	TO cite this article:Haifei Liu,Yu Ding,Min Li, et al. A Hybrid LBM-FDM Model for Sediment Transport and Riverbed Deformation[OL].[17 December 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4576041


	9. A LBM approach for wet-dry boundary treatment
	Haifei Liu,Yu Ding
	Environmental Science and Techology 08 November 2013
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	Abstract:Based on the lattice Boltzmann scheme for 1D shallow water equations, this study presents an approach for the wet-dry boundary condition. In order to build up a relation between the dry bed cell and its neighboring wet cell, the Chapman-Enskog expansion and the Taylor expansion are used. This approach has several advantages: no spurious assumption of a thin water film, no nonphysical linear extrapolation of water depth or velocity, and no violation of local dependence. A typical test of long wave in a container with parabolic bed topography and bed friction is used to test the scheme. The numerical results agree well with the analytical solution, demonstrating the effectiveness and accuracy of the new approach.
	TO cite this article:Haifei Liu,Yu Ding. A LBM approach for wet-dry boundary treatment[OL].[ 8 November 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4568392


	10. Eco-physiological characteristics of three emergent macrophyte species to concentration changes of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus
	Sun Ruilian,Liu Jian
	Environmental Science and Techology 10 September 2013
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	Abstract:Three macrophyte species (Zizania latifolia Turcz., Iris pseudacorus L. and Typha latifolia L.) were studied in constructed microcosm wetlands in order to compare the ability of hydrophytes in purifying simulated polluted river water and to analyze plant responses to oxidative stress induced by chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that planted microcosms were more effective in removing COD, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) than unplanted microcosms. Among the three hydrophytes, Z. latifolia was superior for TN removal, while I. pseudacorus units showed the highest TP removal efficiency. However, there was no significant difference between planted units in COD removal efficiencies. The plasticity of I. pseudacorus was the best exposed to sewage, which was associated with significantly higher SOD and CAT activities with treatment T1. However, treated with low COD/N/P (T1), the MDA levels of T. latifolia and Z. latifolia were basically unaffected. In addition, treatment of polluted river water induced enhancement in proline level of three species. It can be concluded that the antioxidative defence system and free proline accumulation were activated but could not resist the oxidative stress in plants exposed to high concentrations of COD/N/P (≥160/30/4 mg L-1).
	TO cite this article:Sun Ruilian,Liu Jian. Eco-physiological characteristics of three emergent macrophyte species to concentration changes of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus[OL].[10 September 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4559293

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