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	1. Economical propionic acid production from cane molasses by Propionibacterium freudenreichii CCTCC M207015 in a plant fibrous-bed bioreactor
	Xiaohai Feng,Bo Wu,Hong Xu,Hanjie Ying,Pingkai Ouyang
	Biology 16 January 2009
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	Abstract:Propionic acid was produced in a plant fibrous-bed (PFB) bioreactor by Propionibacterium freudenreichii CCTCC M207015. Sugar cane bagasse and cane molasses, as the by-products of sugar-refinery, were used as cell immobilized material and carbon source respectively for propionic acid production. For the non-treated cane molasses, 62.08 g l–1 of propionic acid was produced after 254 h of fermentation with a productivity of 0.24 g h–1 l–1. Hydrolyzed cane molasses was also applied for the propionic acid production. The maxiumun propionic acid yield reached 91.87 g l–1 after 254 h fermentation with a productivity of 0.36 g h–1 l–1. The PFB bioreactor exhibited excellent production stability during batch fermentation and the propionic acid yield remained high after ten batch of propionic acid production.
	TO cite this article:Xiaohai Feng,Bo Wu,Hong Xu, et al. Economical propionic acid production from cane molasses by Propionibacterium freudenreichii CCTCC M207015 in a plant fibrous-bed bioreactor[OL].[16 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27931


	2. Characterization of HMW Glutenin Subunits in Bread and Tetraploid Wheats by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
	Dong Kun,Hao Chun-yan,Wang Ai-li,Cai Min-hua,Yan Yue-ming
	Biology 15 January 2009
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	Abstract:The wheat storage proteins, especially the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), play important roles in the determination of flour processing and bread-making quality. Compared with the traditional SDS-PAGE method, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was shown to have many advantages for the separation and characterization of HMW-GS because of its high resolving power, repeatability and automation. In this work, HMW-GS from bread and tetraploid wheats were separated and characterized by RP-HPLC. The elution time ranking of different HMW-GS was: 1Ax>1Bx>1Dx>1By>1Dy. Several subunit pairs associated with good quality properties and those with similar mobilities on SDS-PAGE, such as 1Bx7 and 1Bx7, 1By8 and 1By8, 1Dx2 and 1Ax2*, 1Bx6 and 1Bx6.1, were well separated and readily identified through RP-HPLC. However, other subunit pairs, such as 1Dy10-1Dy12, 1Dx5-1By18 and 1Dx2-1By16, could not be adequately separated and identified by RP-HPLC, whereas they displayed different mobilities on SDS-PAGE gels. Because 1Dx5 and 1Dx2 showed different hydrophobicities, RP-HPLC could distinguish 1Dx5+1Dy10 and 1Dx2+1Dy12. A comparative analysis between RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE showed that a combination of both methods provided more effective identification of HMW-GS in wheat quality improvement and germplasm screening.
	TO cite this article:Dong Kun,Hao Chun-yan,Wang Ai-li, et al. Characterization of HMW Glutenin Subunits in Bread and Tetraploid Wheats by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography[OL].[15 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27867

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	3. A selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) and two glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) from Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Chinese shrimp
	Qian Ren,Sun Rongrong,Zhao Xiaofan,Jin-Xing Wang
	Biology 15 January 2009
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	Abstract:Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx) are essential components of cellular detoxification systems that defend cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Two GST genes have recently been cloned from Fenneropenaeus chinensis and BLAST P analysis shows that one GST, designated FcMuGST, is similar to members of MuGST while the other has similarities to ThetaGST (FcThetaGST). A selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) has also been cloned from F. chinensis. The alignment of the deduced GST and GPx amino acid sequences with those from other species showed that the residues essential for enzymatic function of these three proteins are highly conserved. Tissue distribution and response to pathogens for the three genes was investigated by RT-PCR analysis, which showed that the transcript of FcMuGST and FcGPx increased in response to Vibrio anguillarum infection, while FcThetaGST showed little change at the transcript level. GPx activity in gill tissues quickly increased at 6 h after V. anguillarum challenge and maintained at a relatively high level from 6 h to 24 h. Total GST activity in hepatopancreas and intestines of the bacterial challenged shrimp was increased at 6 h, and gradually recovered from 12 and 24 h to the normal level. These three genes were all predicted to play an important role in detoxification defense reactions. FcMuGST primarily scavenges excess ROS produced after bacterial infection, while clearance of endogenous hydrophobic electrophile molecules was mainly dependent on activities of FcThetaGST.
	TO cite this article:Qian Ren,Sun Rongrong,Zhao Xiaofan, et al. A selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) and two glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) from Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Chinese shrimp[OL].[15 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27849


	4. Expression of five trypsins from the Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis as regulated by pathogenic infection
	Shi XiuZhen,Ren Qian,Zhao XiaoFan,Wang JinXing
	Biology 14 January 2009
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	Abstract:Five trypsins designated as Fctry1-1, Fctry1-2, Fctry2，Fctry3, and Fctry4 were obtained from the hepatopancreas of the Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Accordingly, four Fctrypsins, namely, Fctry1-1, 1-2, 2, and 3, were observed to have conserved the catalytic triad (H, D, and S), while in Fctry4, one of the catalytic triad S was substituted by F, and the mature peptide was found to be inactive. Further analysis for similarities was also conducted, with the results indicating that the characteristics of these trypsins are identical with those of trypsins from the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), other shrimp, and krill. Moreover, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to analyze the expression pattern and distribution profiles of the trypsins after they were subjected for bacterial and viral challenge. The results showed that in the transcriptional level, these trypsins were upregulated in hepatopancreas after they were infected with bacteria and virus. Therefore, these trypsins might be involved in the innate defense reactions manifested by Chinese shrimp.
	TO cite this article:Shi XiuZhen,Ren Qian,Zhao XiaoFan, et al. Expression of five trypsins from the Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis as regulated by pathogenic infection[OL].[14 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27816


	5. Isolation and expression of a new high molecular weight glutenin subunit gene at the Glu-D-1-2 locus from Aegilops tauschii
	Yanzhen Zhang,An Xueli,Li Xiaohui,Chen Shaoming,Wang Ke,Wang Ke,Wang Shunli ,Yueming Yan
	Biology 14 January 2009
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	Abstract:Two new y-type HMW-GSs in Ae. tauschii, 1Dy12.1t and 1Dy12.2t with the mobility order of 1Dy12.2t>1Dy12.1t>1Dy12.1t>1Dy12, were identified by both SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS. Molecular cloning and sequencing showed that the genes encoding subunits 1Dy12.1t and 1Dy12.2t had identical nucleotide acid sequences with 1,947bp encoding a mature protein of 627 residues. Their deduced molecular weights were 67,347.6Da, satisfactorily corresponding to that of 1Dy12.2t subunit determined by MALDI-TOF-MS (67,015.7Da), but was significantly smaller than that of the the 1Dy12.1t subunit (68,577.1Da). Both subunits showed high similarities to 1Dy10, suggesting that they could have a positive effect on bread-making quality. Interestingly, the expressed protein of the cloned ORF from accessions TD87 and TD130 in E. coli co-migrated with subunit 1Dy12.2t, but moved slightly faster than 1Dy12.1t on SDS-PAGE. The expressed protein in transgenic tobacco seeds, however, had the same mobility as the 1Dy12.1t subunit, as confirmed by both SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Although direct evidence of phosphoprotein or glycoprotein could not be obtained by specific staining methods, certain types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the 1Dy12.1t subunit could not be excluded. We believe PTMs might be responsible for the molecular weight difference between the subunits 1Dy12.1t and 1Dy12.2t.
	TO cite this article:Yanzhen Zhang,An Xueli,Li Xiaohui, et al. Isolation and expression of a new high molecular weight glutenin subunit gene at the Glu-D-1-2 locus from Aegilops tauschii[OL].[14 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27797


	6. Morphology and biological characteristics in the Changsha strain of Sericinus monteius
	Zhong-bao Luo , Dao-hong Zhu
	Biology 13 January 2009
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	Abstract:Morphological characters of the adults, eggs, larvae and pupae of the Changsha strain of Sericinus monteius Groy were described, and its life cycle and habits were investigated based on observations in the field and rearing in the laboratory. The results showed that this butterfly occurred 6 generations per year, and overwintered as diapause pupae in the withered leaves of plants from the middle of October to March of next year in changsha. The new adults emerged from early ten days to middle ten days of April, and laid eggs later. The stages of egg, larva and pupa were about 5.3 days, 15.8-16.8 days, and 9.6-10.4 days at 25℃ and 4.0 days, 12.9-14.6days, and 6.5-7.1 days at 30℃, respectively, and some pupae entered diapause under short days.
	TO cite this article:Zhong-bao Luo , Dao-hong Zhu. Morphology and biological characteristics in the Changsha strain of Sericinus monteius[OL].[13 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27703


	7. High-frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration with high content of gentiopicroside from the Chinese medicinal plant, Gentiana straminea Maxim
	Yunfei Cai, YanLing Liu,Yanfei Wang,Fengning Xiang,Guangmin Xia
	Biology 13 January 2009
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	Abstract:Gentiana straminea Maxim. (MahuaQinjiao) is an important Chinese medicinal herb that is rich in secoiridoid. To increase the production of this plant, we have developed an efficient tissue culture system for high-frequency plant regeneration. We have also obtained plants with high secoiridoid monomer production through tissue culture and somatic embryogenesis. We have found that MB medium is better than B5 medium for callus induction. Calli induced from immature seeds are superior to those from hypocotyls or young leaves in their ability to regenerate via somatic embryogenesis. We have also demonstrated that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is efficient for both callus induction and embryogenesis, indole-3-acetic acid is suitable for embryogenic callus proliferation and N6-(benzyl)-adenine promotes both embryo development and the accumulation of gentiopicroside in the cultures. Regenerated plants have been selected to for high gentiopicroside content. One plant contains 5.82% of gentiopicroside, which is higher than the control plant (1.20-3.73%). The regenerated plants are genetically more stable than the calli based on both cytological and RAPD analyses.
	TO cite this article:Yunfei Cai, YanLing Liu,Yanfei Wang, et al. High-frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration with high content of gentiopicroside from the Chinese medicinal plant, Gentiana straminea Maxim[OL].[13 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27702


	8. A New Species of Anagyrus Howard (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) from China
	Li Cheng-de,Ma Feng-lin
	Biology 12 January 2009
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	Abstract:A new encyrtid species, Anagyrus daqingensis sp. nov., collected from Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province was described. The new species is similar to A. securicornis Domenichini, 1953, but can be distinguished by the following combination of characteristics: third and sixth funicle segments pale yellowish brown; antennal scape more or less trapezoid, about half of ventral margin parallel to dorsal margin. Type specimen was deposited in Insect Collections of Northeast Forestry University.
	TO cite this article:Li Cheng-de,Ma Feng-lin. A New Species of Anagyrus Howard (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) from China[OL].[12 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27614


	9. Histamine improves rat rota-rod and balance beam performances through H2 receptors in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus
	Yue-Ning SONG,Li Hongzhao,Zhu Jingning,Guo Chunli,Jian-Jun WANG
	Biology 09 January 2009
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	Abstract:Previous studies have revealed a direct histaminergic projection from the tuberomamillary nucleus of hypothalamus to the cerebellum and a postsynaptic excitatory effect of histamine on the cerebellar interpositus nucleus neurons via histamine H2 receptors in vitro, indicating that the histaminergic afferent inputs of cerebellar nuclei may be involved in the cerebellar function of motor control. To test this hypothesis, in this study histaminergic agents were bilaterally microinjected into the cerebellar interpositus nucleus of intact adult male rats, and their effects on motor balance and coordination of the animals performing accelerating rota-rod treadmill and balance beam tasks were observed. The results showed that microinjection of histamine into the cerebellar interpositus nucleus remarkably increased the time that animals balanced steadily on the rota-rod and markedly shortened the duration of passage through the balance beam, whereas 冏-aminobutyric acid significantly depressed motor performances of animals on the rota-rod and beam, and normal saline influenced neither. In addition, administration of selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine considerably decreased the animalsˇ endurance time on rota-rod and noticeably increased the passing time on beam, but selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist triprolidine showed no effect. Furthermore, microinjection of histamine reversed the inhibitory effects of ranitidine on rota-rod and beam performance. These results demonstrate that histamine enhances rat motor balance and coordination through activation of histamine H2 receptors in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus and suggest that the hypothalamocerebellar histaminergic projections may play a modulatory role on the cerebellar circuitry to ensure movements to be accurately executed.
	TO cite this article:Yue-Ning SONG,Li Hongzhao,Zhu Jingning, et al. Histamine improves rat rota-rod and balance beam performances through H2 receptors in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus[OL].[ 9 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27587


	10. A red-tide causing algae- Alexandrium tamarense lysed by bacteria in phycosphere
	Wang Xin,Li Zhi Jiang,Ning Xiu Rental,Zheng Tian Ling
	Biology 09 January 2009
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	Abstract:There were stabilized bacteria community in the xenic culture of Alexandrium tamarense, a red-tide causing algal. But little was known about the interaction between algal and bacteria community in its phycosphere. The objective of the current study was to determin the effect of bacteria in Alexandrium tamarense phycosphere on the growth of the algal. We added One percent (v/v) of 2216E medium to Alexandrium tamarense culture to alter the growth of bacteria. These results showed that algal cells were all lysed within 16 hours . After adding 2216E medium, both the abundance and the extracellular enzyme activity of bacteria increased by 50-100 times from the 6th hour to the 10th hour in lysis of algae. 16S rRNA gene fragments of most Bacteria were amplified from DNA extracted from cultures and were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing. The structure of bacteria community changed greatly in the process of algal lysis. Two bacteria strains, Alteromonas sp. and Thalassobius aestuarii sp. might be responsible for the algal lysing. And The β-D-glucosidase and chitinase produced by bacteria in phycosphere could directly cause the lysis of algae. These experiments provide an evidence of that bacteria in the phycosphere play a key role in Alexandrium tamarense culture ecosystem.
	TO cite this article:Wang Xin,Li Zhi Jiang,Ning Xiu Rental, et al. A red-tide causing algae- Alexandrium tamarense lysed by bacteria in phycosphere[OL].[ 9 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27578

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