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	1. The cathelicidin-like peptide derived from panda genome is a potential antimicrobial peptide
	Yan Xiuwen,Zhong Jian,Liu Huan,Liu Cunbao,Zhang Keyun,Lai Ren
	Biology 22 January 2012
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	Abstract:A novel cathelicidin-like antimicrobial peptide was identified by mining genome of panda. This peptide(cathelicidin-AM) was synthesized. It showed potential antimicrobial activities against wide spectrum of microorganisms including Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, and fungi. It had similar antimicrobial abilities against both standard and clinically isolated drug-resistant strains. Cathelicidin-AM could rapidly exert its antibacterial activities. It just took less than 1 h to kill all Staphylococcus sciuri at the concentration of 2, 4 or 10 times of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) while clindamycin took 6 h. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that cathelicidin-AM killed bacteria by directly affecting bacterial cell wall and membrane. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the panda cathelicidin had the nearest evolution relationship with dog cathelicidin. The current work provides a novel cathelicidin-like peptide with strong antimicrobial abilities.
	TO cite this article:Yan Xiuwen,Zhong Jian,Liu Huan, et al. The cathelicidin-like peptide derived from panda genome is a potential antimicrobial peptide[OL].[22 January 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4463680


	2. Assessment of alternative cropping systems in terms of economic benefit, water use and soil conservation: a case study in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China
	Jia Yu,Hu Bin,Zhao Zhi-hong,Li Feng-min,Wang Xiao-ling,Kadambot H.M.Siddique
	Biology 06 January 2012
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	Abstract:Water and wind erosion are main degradation processes in drylands around the world. In the arid/semi-arid regions, erosion is accentuated by fragile environmental conditions and limited economic and/or technical mitigation alternatives. Cropping systems are regarded as promising tools. The lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)-crop rotation system has long been pushed by policy in the Loess Plateau. However, the adaptability of this system in semi-arid areas is unclear. A 5-year experiment was conducted in Yuzhong, Gansu Province of China (mean annual rainfall 310 mm) to assess adaptability. The results of this study led us to the following conclusions: 1) lucerne is far from a good cropping choice in the semi-arid Loess Plateau in view of ‘immediate’ economic benefit to farmers. Its potential economic benefit needs further investigation considering its value in animal husbandry and ecological service function; 2) lucerne as a high-water-requirement pasture cannot efficiently use water, worse still the soil water deficit caused by lucerne has to be retrieved by the subsequent crop phase; 3) although lucerne has the longest growing season comparing with the annual crops, harvesting in July strongly reduces its soil conservation effectiveness, and the gradual increase in biomass does not offset the effectiveness. Therefore, in the semi-arid Loess plateau with about 300 mm average annual rainfall, inclusion of lucerne in crop rotation cannot serve as an effective cropping system neither for soil conservation purpose, nor for the economic benefits. More cropping options need to be tested to sustain the agroecosystem in this region.
	TO cite this article:Jia Yu,Hu Bin,Zhao Zhi-hong, et al. Assessment of alternative cropping systems in terms of economic benefit, water use and soil conservation: a case study in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China[OL].[ 6 January 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4460149

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	3. A Signal Peptide Library for Bacillus subtilis and its Application for Secretion of a Thermostable β-Galactosidase
	GONG Zifeng,XIA Yu
	Biology 05 December 2011
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	Abstract:β-Galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose and is widely used in dairy processing. The thermostable β-galactosidase obtained from Geobacillus stearothermophilus has several advantages and it has potential applications in the dairy industry. In this work, this enzyme was secreted by Bacillus subtilis using the general secretion (Sec) pathway. A signal peptide library was constructed with 20 selected signal peptide coding sequences, and it was used for probing the secretory capacity of the thermostable β-galactosidase in Bacillus subtilis 168. In the 20 recombinants constructed, expression of the target enzyme was observed in 4 plasmids carrying the signal peptide coding sequences from Bacillus subtilis AmyX, NprE, OppA and YweA, respectively. The target enzyme fused with N-terminal signal peptide from NprE achieved extracellular secretion at a level of 64.0 IU/mL, which accounts for 29.6% of the total target enyzme synthesized. This is the first report of the thermostable β-galactosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus by a Sec signal peptide in Bacillus subtilis. The results indicated the applicability of the signal peptide library constructed. Yet the low secretion capacity of the target enzyme also suggested that, in dealing with such kind of substrate, the Sec pathway might have no advantage over the twin-arginine translocation pathway.
	TO cite this article:GONG Zifeng,XIA Yu. A Signal Peptide Library for Bacillus subtilis and its Application for Secretion of a Thermostable β-Galactosidase[OL].[ 5 December 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4453161


	4. The Response of Type 2 Quorum Sensing in Klebsiella pneumoniae to a Fluctuating Culture Environment
	ZHU Hu,LIU Huijun,NING Shoujiao,GAO Yuli
	Biology 29 June 2011
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	Abstract:Quorum sensing in Klebsiella pneumoniae is mediated by the synthesis of interspecies autoinducer 2 (AI-2) which is a non-homoserine lactone signal molecule. The response of Type 2 quorum sensing to environmental cues such as carbon sources, the initial pH of medium, and boracic acid was investigated in the present study by a Vibrio harveyi BB170 reporter assay and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis. The results show that glucose can affect AI-2 synthesis to the greatest extent, and 3.0% glucose can stimulate K.peneumoniae to produce more AI-2, with a four times increase in activity compared with that of the control culture. According to our previous research, Type 2 quorum sensing in K.pneumoniae is luxS dependent. Therefore, the close relation of glucose concentration and luxS transcription level was confirmed with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR technology. The results show that the response of quorum sensing to a fluctuating glucose concentration group was performed by changing the amount of luxS RNA transcripts. A maximum of luxS transcription appeared during the exponential growth phase when the glucose concentration was 30.0 g L-1. At the same time, AI-2 production is also slightly impacted by the low initial pH. It is noteworthy that the addition of boracic acid at microdosage (0.1 g/L) can also induce AI-2 synthesis. Presumably, in K.pneumoniae, the 4, 5-Dihydroxy-2, 3-pentanedione (DPD) cyclizes by the addition of borate and the loss of water, is hydrated, and is converted to the final AI-2 signaling molecule.
	TO cite this article:ZHU Hu,LIU Huijun,NING Shoujiao, et al. The Response of Type 2 Quorum Sensing in Klebsiella pneumoniae to a Fluctuating Culture Environment[OL].[29 June 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4433902


	5. Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of calmodulin gene from Alexandrium catenella (Dinoflagellate) with respect to cell growth and heat stress
	WEN Ruobing,SUI Zhenghong
	Biology 01 June 2011
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	Abstract:In this paper, calmodulin gene of the HAB species Alexandrium catenella was isolated, and its transcription profile with respect to grow rate and heat stress was investigated. A full cDNA sequence of cam gene was obtained. It consisted of 597 nucleotides (nt), comprising 25 nt of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), 122 nt of the 3′ UTR, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 450 nt, encoding 149 amino acid residues. The deduced CaM was highly conserved compared with CaM of other organisms. By implementing quantitative PCR, the relationship between transcription level of cam and growth rate of Alexandrium catenella was investigated. The results showed that cam expression level had a similar trend with the cell growth rate through the whole growing stage. The cam transcription was increased more than 8 fold in abundance from lag phase to the exponential phase, and obviously decreased from exponential phase to stationary/decline phase. Additionally, response of cam gene to heat stress was studied. Relative expression level of cam exhibited a significant decline trend with time during the heat shock experiment. All the results suggested that cam play an important role within process that the cells response to environmental stress and growth.
	TO cite this article:WEN Ruobing,SUI Zhenghong. Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of calmodulin gene from Alexandrium catenella (Dinoflagellate) with respect to cell growth and heat stress[OL].[ 1 June 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4430812


	6. Expression and sub-cellular localization of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain 1 is related to antioxidant enzymes in human ependymoma and oligodendroglioma
	YI Wei,LIU Lin,OKECHI Humphrey,CHEN Qianxue,HUANG Shulan
	Biology 27 May 2011
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	Abstract:The current study investigated correlations between the expression of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain 1 (LRIG1) and antioxidant enzymes and related proteins, including manganese superoxide dismutase, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic or regulatory subunit, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, in both human ependymoma and oligodendroglioma. Results revealed that the cytoplasmic expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit in the human ependymoma, while the nuclear expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of thioredoxin reductase. In human oligodendroglioma, the cytoplasmic expression of LRIG1 was associated with expression of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. Both the nuclear and perinuclear expressions of LRIG1 were associated with expression of glutamate cysteine ligase regulatory subunit. These results indicated that several antioxidant enzymes and related proteins contributed to LRIG1 expression, and that these may participate in the antioxidation of the cells.
	TO cite this article:YI Wei,LIU Lin,OKECHI Humphrey, et al. Expression and sub-cellular localization of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain 1 is related to antioxidant enzymes in human ependymoma and oligodendroglioma[OL].[27 May 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4429431


	7. Notes on the genus Paraxizicus Gorochov & Kang, 2007 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China
	SHI Fuming,BIAN Xun,CHANG Yanlin
	Biology 18 May 2011
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	Abstract:The Chinese species of the genus Paraxizicus Gorochov & Kang are reviewed and a key is presented. Two new species are described: Paraxizicus trilobus sp. nov. and Paraxizicus singulus sp. nov.. One known species Xiphidiopsis forcipa Shi & Chen, 2002 is transferred to Paraxizicus. The type specimens are kept in the Museum of Hebei University.
	TO cite this article:SHI Fuming,BIAN Xun,CHANG Yanlin. Notes on the genus Paraxizicus Gorochov & Kang, 2007 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China[OL].[18 May 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4428514


	8. Catalogue of the Gyrodactylidae (Monogenea) of China, with a key to the current nominal species
	Shi Yanru,You Ping
	Biology 13 May 2011
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	Abstract:This paper gives a list of 52 species and 2 genera of the Gyrodactylidae from China. Citations and synonyms, if any, of each species are provided. Distributions and known host(s) are also reported. A key to these species in China are included as well as a discussion on the natural diversity of these important parasites in the region.
	TO cite this article:Shi Yanru,You Ping. Catalogue of the Gyrodactylidae (Monogenea) of China, with a key to the current nominal species[OL].[13 May 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4427195


	9. Involvement of chloroplast-derived ROS in 3-acetyl-5-isopropyltetramic acid induced leaf necrosis in Arabidopsis thaliana
	CHEN Shiguo,Yin Chunyan,Zhou Fengyan,Strasser Reto J?rg,QIANG Sheng
	Biology 09 April 2011
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	Abstract:3-AIPTA (3-acetyl-5-isopropyltetramic acid), a derivate of tetramic acid, can cause a brown leaf spot disease in many plants and may quickly kill seedlings of mono- and dicotyledonous plants. In this study, to further elucidate the mode of action of 3-AIPTA, a series of experiments was performed to assess the production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during 3-AIPTA-induced cell necrosis. When Arabidopsis leaves were incubated with 3-AIPTA, the PSII electron transport beyond QA and the reduction of end acceptors at the PSI acceptor side were inhibited, followed by the occurrence of charge recombination and electron leakage to O2, resulting in the chloroplast-derived oxidative burst. However, the main antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) lost their activity. Excess ROS molecules directly attacked a variety of cellular components and subsequently caused electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and cell membrane disruption. Finally, this led to cell destruction and leaf tissue necrosis. Thus, 3-AIPTA-triggered leaf necrosis of Arabidopsis is a result of direct oxidative injury from the chloroplast-originated ROS burst attributed to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport.
	TO cite this article:CHEN Shiguo,Yin Chunyan,Zhou Fengyan, et al. Involvement of chloroplast-derived ROS in 3-acetyl-5-isopropyltetramic acid induced leaf necrosis in Arabidopsis thaliana[OL].[ 9 April 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4421106


	10. Vaccine potential analysis of Grass carp reovirus capsid protein VP7 through in vitro microneutralization assay
	Yang Qian,Lu Liqun
	Biology 28 March 2011
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	Abstract:In this paper, the Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein expression vector pGEX-4T-3 was employed to clone and expression of GCRV outer capsid gene vp7, which was amplified by RT - PCR from infected Grass carp. The recombinant GST-fusion protein rVP7 was induced by 1mM IPTG in Dh5αand confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot assays using both anti-GST-tag and anti-VP7 monoclonal antisera. An expected 52-kDa rVP7 was highly expressed, and was mainly exhibited in the formation of the inclusion body. After purification, rVP7 was intraperitoneally injected to the experimental mice to produce anti-rVP7 polyclonal serum. In vitro microneutralization assay indicated that polyclonal antibody against rVP7 could neutralize GCRV, and suggested that rVP7 had the potential to be used as subunit vaccine against GCRV infection. The present study paved the way for further characterization of the immunogenicity of viral outer capsid protein VP7 in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus and could be based to develop antibody or antigen detection assays for GCRV pathogen.
	TO cite this article:Yang Qian,Lu Liqun. Vaccine potential analysis of Grass carp reovirus capsid protein VP7 through in vitro microneutralization assay[OL].[28 March 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4418350

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