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1. Phenotypic and growth variation of Spartina alterniflora along elevation gradient in saltmarsh on the coast of China | |||
Deng Zifa,Zhou Rong,Xie Xiaoling,Xie Huansong | |||
Biology 19 December 2013 | |||
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Abstract:Many researches demostrated there is a strong relationship between phenotypic plasticity and plant invasiveness, especially in a frequently disturbed environments. In order to reveal the phenotypic plasticity and reproductive traits of the invasive species, Spartina alterniflora, along an elevation gradient in the salt marsh of Jiangsu Province, Chian, five parallel sample zones were set from the seaward to the upland with a small scale elevation gradient, and the environmental factors, growth and photosynthetic parameters of Spartina alterniflora were surveyed. The results show that there are significant differences for four environmental factors (pH, salinity, organic matter and available nitrogen) and some growth parameters among five sample zones. The changes of salinity, organic matter and available nitrogen are in verse, and they show a bell-shaped. Plant phenotypic parameters show a similar variation as that of salinity along the elevation gradient. The sexual reproductive traits (the ratio of reproductive stem to vegetative stem, spike length, seed set and germination rate) in the seaward are significantly lower than that in other sample zones, however, the number of buds reproduced from rhizomes was the most among that of five zones. The rate of rhizome allocation (as an indicator of clonal reproduction) is highest, and the rate of spike allocation (an indicator of sexual reproduction) is the least in the seaward population among that of all zones. In addition, there is a positive feedback relationship between growth of S. alterniflora and soil nutrition (organic matter and total nitrogen). The results indicate that the invasive species S. alterniflora represents a strong phenotypic plasticity even though along a small elevation gradient in the saltmarsh, and this plasticity and the trade-off between sexual and clonal reproductive strategies may be of significant importance for the invasion and outbreak of S. alterniflora. | |||
TO cite this article:Deng Zifa,Zhou Rong,Xie Xiaoling, et al. Phenotypic and growth variation of Spartina alterniflora along elevation gradient in saltmarsh on the coast of China[OL].[19 December 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4576373 |
2. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into hepatocytes induced by a combination of cytokines and Trichostatin A | |||
Zhu Xiaobo,ZHANG Dongmei,ZHANG Qian,ZHANG Jie,ZHOU Mingming | |||
Biology 30 October 2013 | |||
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Abstract:In this paper,we presented a novel 3-step procedure to efficiently direct the differentiation of mouse ESCs into hepatocytes induced by combination of cytokines and sodium butyrate. Mouse ESCs were first differentiated into definitive endoderm cells by 3 days of Activin A treatment; next, presence of acid fibroblast growth factor(aFGF)and Trichostatin A (TSA)in the culture medium for 5 days, definitive endoderm cells efficiently differentiated to hepatocytes. After 10 days of further in vitro maturation, the morphological and phenotypic markers of hepatocytes were characterized using light microscopy, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, respectively. Furthermore, these cells were tested about the functions associated with mature hepatocytes including glycogen storage, indocyanine green uptake and release,and the ratio of hepatic differentiation was determined by counting the albumin-positive cells,which showed that the ratio of hepatic differentiation was 57.38%. The ES cell differentiating method provides a new resource for hepatocytes tansplatation. | |||
TO cite this article:Zhu Xiaobo,ZHANG Dongmei,ZHANG Qian, et al. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into hepatocytes induced by a combination of cytokines and Trichostatin A[OL].[30 October 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4566643 |
3. Identification of floral fragrances in freesia cultivars and hybrids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry | |||
Xiao-yan Gao,Gao Xiang,Bao-feng Liu,Gao Fengzhan,Li Wang | |||
Biology 29 October 2013 | |||
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Abstract:Floral fragrance compounds of one freesia specie with four cultivars and ten hybrids were studied using static headspace extraction method followed by GC-MS analysis. In total, 43 compounds were identified with an average range of 3 and 25 compounds per plant. The main classes of compounds in most plants were isoprenoids, fatty acid derivatives accompanied by sulphur-containing compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds. Among the compounds, linalool (26.6-85.4%) was identified as the major component. In the parents and the studied progenies, the segregation laws of the scent traits in this cross were preliminarily unveiled and stable inheritance of the main components were observed. Based on the measurement of S?rensen's index of similarity (Is), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used to detect meaningful underlying dimensions and similarities between the investigated cultivars. The MDS analysis showed two groups of cultivars. These results were also discussed from the view of common pollinators like butterflies, moths, and bees. | |||
TO cite this article:Xiao-yan Gao,Gao Xiang,Bao-feng Liu, et al. Identification of floral fragrances in freesia cultivars and hybrids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[OL].[29 October 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4566533 |
4. A soil-dwelling pseudomonas sp.593 harboring an exogenous hrpZ gene elicits a typical hypersensitive response in tobacco and soybean leaves | |||
Long Deliang,He Huoguang,Xiong Min,Li Yang,Wu Wenhua,Wang Xingguo | |||
Biology 13 April 2013 | |||
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Abstract: Pseudomonas sp.593 is a soil-dwelling bacterium unable to elicit any hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco or soybean . The hrpZ gene,encoding an abundant type III secretion system (T3SS) dependent protein, was cloned from a phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae van Hall CFCC 1336. The HrpZ harpin expressed in E. coli was purified to homogeneity, and used to raise polyclonal anti-HrpZ rabbit serum. The cloned hrpZ gene was then introduced into the soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp.593 via transformation of the plasmid pMEK-hrpZ. Western blotting and HR assay showed that the hrpZ-transformed Pseudomonas sp.593 was not only able to secret HrpZ harpin but also elicited a strong HR reaction in tobacco and soybean just as P. syringae did. In addition, bacterial cells were able to grow and multiply in the HR zone. Our results demonstrate that an avirulent strain can become a virulent-like pathogen, or a pathogen strain can broaden its host range once a single exogenous hrpZ gene cloned from a phytopathogen is introduced into a bacterium displaying phylogenetic diversity. | |||
TO cite this article:Long Deliang,He Huoguang,Xiong Min, et al. A soil-dwelling pseudomonas sp.593 harboring an exogenous hrpZ gene elicits a typical hypersensitive response in tobacco and soybean leaves[J]. |
5. The tetraspanin gene MaPls1 contributes to virulence by affecting germination, appressorial function and enzymes for cuticle-degradation in the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridium | |||
LUO Sha,HE Min,CAO Yueqing,XIA Yuxian | |||
Biology 25 March 2013 | |||
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Abstract:Tetraspanins regulate cellular activities through association with other components on membrane in most eukaryote. The tetraspanin Pls1 controls an appressorial-mediated penetration in phytopathogenic fungi. However, the mode of regulation and signal pathways that Pls1 involved in are not clear. In this study, a Pls1 gene (MaPls1) was functionally characterized in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum. MaPls1 was highly expressed in mycelium and appressorium, and accumulated on the plasma membrane or inside the cytoplasm. The ΔMaPls1 had a delayed germination and appressorium formation and impaired turgor pressure on locust wing, but a normal vegetative growth and conidiation on medium. Bioassays showed that ΔMaPls1 had a decreased virulence and hyphal body formation in hemolymph when conidia were topically inoculated, but had no difference from wild type when the insect cuticle was bypassed. Moreover, the ability of breaching the cuticle from insect inside was impaired. Digital Gene Expression analysis between the ΔMaPls1 and wild type revealed that genes involved in hydrolyzing host cuticle and cell wall synthesis and remodeling were dramatically down-regulated. MaPls1 participated in a wide crosstalk with other signal pathways, including calmodulin-dependent pathway, and GTPase and cAMP-PKA etc. Taken together, these results demonstrated the important roles of MaPls1 at the early stage of infection-associated development in M. acridum. | |||
TO cite this article:LUO Sha,HE Min,CAO Yueqing, et al. The tetraspanin gene MaPls1 contributes to virulence by affecting germination, appressorial function and enzymes for cuticle-degradation in the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridium[OL].[25 March 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4532163 |
6. Enhancing fatty acid production in E.coli by overexpressing the reducing power generating enzymes | |||
Zhou Yongshuang,Zhang Huaiyuan,Chen Haiqin,Song Yuanda,Chen Yongquan,Zhang Hao,Chen Wei | |||
Biology 13 March 2013 | |||
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Abstract:Reducing power is an essential factor for fatty acid biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of five reducing power generating enzymes (NAD-dependent malic enzyme (NAD-ME), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD)) on fatty acid biosynthesis in an engineered E. coli BL21 △fadE/pTE which has a fatty acid metabolic sink. Overexpression of NAD-ME, NADP-IDH and G6PD resulted in 2.15-, 1.6- and 1.16-fold increase in fatty acid yield respectively, while overexpression of PGD didn't lead to a significant increase of fatty acid production and overexpression of NADP-ME led to a 15% decline in fatty acid yield. This study provides a feasible strategy for enhancing fatty acid production in engineered E. coli strain by overexpressing the reducing power generating enzymes NAD-ME and G6PD. | |||
TO cite this article:Zhou Yongshuang,Zhang Huaiyuan,Chen Haiqin, et al. Enhancing fatty acid production in E.coli by overexpressing the reducing power generating enzymes[OL].[13 March 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4529473 |
7. Histamine excites rat superior vestibular nuclear neurons via postsynaptic H1 and H2 receptors in vitro | |||
ZHUANG Qianxing,WU Yonghui,WU Guanyi,ZHU Jingning,WANG Jianjun | |||
Biology 05 March 2013 | |||
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Abstract:The superior vestibular nucleus (SVN), which holds a key position in vestibulo-ocular reflexes and nystagmus, receives direct hypothalamic histaminergic innervations. By using rat brainstem slice preparations and extracellular unitary recordings, we investigated the effect of histamine on SVN neurons and the underlying receptor mechanisms. Bath application of histamine evoked an excitatory response of the SVN neurons, which was not blocked by the low-Ca2+/high-Mg2+ medium, indicating a direct postsynaptic effect of the amine. Selective histamine H1 receptor agonist 2-pyridylethylamine (2-PyEA) and H2 receptor agonist dimaprit, rather than VUF8430, a selective H4 receptor agonist, mimicked the excitation of histamine on SVN neurons. In addition, selective H1 receptor antagonist mepyramine and H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine, but not JNJ7777120, a selective H4 receptor antagonist, partially blocked the excitatory response of SVN neurons to histamine. Moreover, mepyramine together with ranitidine nearly totally blocked the histamine-induced excitation. Immunostainings further showed that histamine H1 and H2 instead of H4 receptors existed in the SVN. These results demonstrate that histamine excites the SVN neurons via post-synaptic histamine H1 and H2 receptors, and suggest that the central histaminergic innervation from the hypothalamus may actively bias the SVN neuronal activity and subsequently modulate the SVN-mediated vestibular functions and gaze control. | |||
TO cite this article:ZHUANG Qianxing,WU Yonghui,WU Guanyi, et al. Histamine excites rat superior vestibular nuclear neurons via postsynaptic H1 and H2 receptors in vitro[OL].[ 5 March 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4522573 |
8. Possible cooperation between eRF1 and suppressor tRNAs in stop codon reassigment in ciliates | |||
Chai Baofeng,Hao Yanrong,Xu Lijun,Li Cui,Shen Quan | |||
Biology 14 January 2013 | |||
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Abstract:One factor involved in eukaryotic translation termination is Class 1 release factor in eukaryotes (eRF1), which functions to decode stop codons. Variant code species, such as ciliates, frequently exhibit altered stop codon recognition. Studies revealed that some class-specific residues in the eRF1 N-terminal domain are responsible for stop codon reassignment in ciliates. Here, we investigated the effects on stop codon recognition of chimeric eRF1s containing the N-terminal domain of Euplotes octocarinatus and Blepharisma japonicum eRF1 fused to Saccharomyces cerevisiae M and C domains using dual luciferase read-through assays. Mutation of class-specific residues in different eRF1 classes was also studied to identify key residues and motifs involved in stop codon decoding. As expected, our results demonstrate that three pockets within the eRF1 N-terminal domain were involved in decoding stop codon nucleotides. However, allocation of residues to each pocket was revalued. Our data suggest that hydrophobic and class-specific surface residues participate in different functions: modulation of pocket conformation and interaction with stop codon nucleotides, respectively. Residues conserved across all eRF1s determine the relative orientation of the three pockets according to stop codon nucleotides. However, quantitative analysis of variant ciliate and yeast eRF1 point mutants did not reveal any correlation between evolutionary conservation of class-specific residues and termination-related functional specificity, and was limited in elucidating a detailed mechanism for ciliate stop codon reassignment. Thus, based on isolation of suppressor tRNAs from Euplotes and Tetrahymena, we propose that stop codon reassignment in ciliates may be controlled by cooperation between eRF1 and suppressor transfer RNAs | |||
TO cite this article:Chai Baofeng,Hao Yanrong,Xu Lijun, et al. Possible cooperation between eRF1 and suppressor tRNAs in stop codon reassigment in ciliates[OL].[14 January 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4511917 |
9. One new species of the spider genus Pholcus (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Liaoning, China | |||
ZHANG Feng,ZHANG Chao | |||
Biology 09 January 2013 | |||
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Abstract:One new species of the genus Pholcus from Liaoning, China is reported: Pholcus foliaceus sp. nov., it can be identified by palpal trochanter ventral apophysis long, with a distal hair, tibia spindle-shaped, with a small apophysis basally; bulb with two projections, procursus without small spines, with complicated tip and a long spine distally. Epigynum roughly semicircular, with a nipple-shaped apophysis anteriorly; dorsal with wavy sclerotized arch anteriorly, and a pair of oval pore plates. It is described and illustrated in this paper. | |||
TO cite this article:ZHANG Feng,ZHANG Chao. One new species of the spider genus Pholcus (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Liaoning, China[OL].[ 9 January 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4510444 |
10. Depressed Performance and Detoxification Enzyme Activities of Helicoverpa armigera Fed by Conventional Cotton Foliage Subjected to Methyl Jasmonate Exposure | |||
YANG Shiyong,WU Huihui,XIE Jianchun | |||
Biology 05 January 2013 | |||
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Abstract:Methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-mediated defense in conventional cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) against Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) was investigated with respect to the activities of the detoxification enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) in pupae, as well as the performance of larvae. The results suggested that exogenous application of MeJA to cotton leaves depressed the activities of AChE, CarE and GST of cotton bollworm pupae. Both the absolute and specific AChE activities of pupae were depressed at any MeJA concentration applied as compared with control, and the effects of 0.4 mM MeJA was significantly higher than the two other concentrations tested, i.e. 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM. A marked reduction of absolute CarE activity was observed at the 0.4 mM MeJA concentration whereas the specific activity was increased by the 0.2 mM and 0.4 mM concentrations. The Absolute GST activity was significantly depressed only by the 0.4 mM MeJA treatment. Protein content of pupae was markedly reduced by 0.4 mM MeJA-induced defense in cotton leaves. The development time of larvae was protracted and pupae weight was reduced by both 0.1 mM and 0.4 mM MeJA-treated cotton leaves. Larval weight gain was inhibited significantly by both 0.2 mM and 0.4 mM MeJA-treated cotton leaves. The results suggested that MeJA-induced plant defense may have adverse effects on H. armigera when the pest feds on MeJA-treated plants. In addition to the inhibition of growth and development, induced defense may also impair insect's ability to detoxify toxic plant secondary metabolites. | |||
TO cite this article:YANG Shiyong,WU Huihui,XIE Jianchun. Depressed Performance and Detoxification Enzyme Activities of Helicoverpa armigera Fed by Conventional Cotton Foliage Subjected to Methyl Jasmonate Exposure[OL].[ 5 January 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4511414 |
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